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1559
Calendar year
Year 1559 (MDLIX ) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .
Events
January–June
January – King Philip II of Spain marries his third wife, 13-year-old Elisabeth of Valois , by Proxy marriage in Paris.
January 15 – Elizabeth I of England is crowned , in Westminster Abbey .
February 27 – Queen Elizabeth I of England establishes the Church of England , with the Act of Uniformity 1558 and the Act of Supremacy 1558 . The Oath of Supremacy is reinstated.
March 23 – Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia , defending his lands against the invasion of Nur ibn Mujahid , Sultan of Harar , is killed in battle. His brother, Menas , succeeds him as king.
April 2 –3 – Peace of Cateau Cambrésis : France makes peace with England and Spain, ending the Italian War of 1551-59 . France gives up most of its gains in Italy (including Savoy ), retaining only Saluzzo , but keeps the three Lorraine bishoprics of Metz , Toul , and Verdun , and the formerly English town of Calais .
May 2 – John Knox returns from exile to Scotland, to become the leader of the beginning Scottish Reformation .
May 13 – At Basel , the body of Dutch Anabaptist leader David Joris is exhumed and burned, following his posthumous conviction of heresy.
June 2 – A royal edict in France makes heresy punishable by death.
June 11 – Scottish Reformation : A Protestant mob, incited by the preaching of John Knox, sacks St Andrews Cathedral .
June 22 – King Philip II of Spain and the now 14-year old Elisabeth of Valois are married in Spain. On June 30, the bride's father, King Henry II of France , is fatally injured in a jousting accident at the celebrations.July–December
July 10 – 15-year old Francis II becomes King of France following the death of his father, Henry II.[1] [2] Members of the House of Guise and the new king's mother Catherine de' Medici dispute control over the kingdom.
July 31 – Pope Paul IV authorizes the creation of the University of Douai (which will later become the University of Lille ).[3]
August 15 – Led by Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano , a Spanish missionary colony of 1,500 men, on 13 ships, arrives from Vera Cruz at Pensacola Bay , founding the oldest European settlement in the mainland U.S. (St. Augustine is founded in 1565 .)
September 4 – Gorkha state is established by Dravya Shah , beating local Khadka kings, which is the origin of current country Nepal .
September 19 – Just weeks after arrival at Pensacola , the Spanish missionary colony is decimated by a hurricane that kills hundreds, sinks five ships, with a galleon , and grounds a caravel ; the 1,000 survivors divide to relocate/resupply the settlement, but suffer famine & attacks, and abandon the effort in 1561 .
September 21 – The 15-year-old King Francis II of France is crowned at Reims . The crown is too heavy for him, and has to be held in place by his nobles.[4]
December 25 – Pope Pius IV succeeds Pope Paul IV , as the 224th pope.Date unknown
Births
Emperor
Nurhaci born on February 19
January 1 – Virginia Eriksdotter , Swedish noble (d. 1633 )
January 8 – William Helyar , English chaplain (d. 1645 )
January 25 – Aleixo de Menezes , Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1617 )
February 7 – Catherine de Bourbon , Princess of Navarre and Duchess consort of Lorraine (d. 1604 )
February 18 – Isaac Casaubon , French-born classical scholar (d. 1614 )
February 19 – Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden (d. 1588 )
February 21 – Nurhaci , Chinese emperor (d. 1626 )
March 12 – Christoph Brouwer , Dutch historian (d. 1617 )
March 16 – Amar Singh I , eldest son and successor of Maharana Pratap of Mewar (d. 1620 )
March 26 – Wolf Dietrich Raitenau , Prince-Bishop of Salzburg (d. 1617 )
May 4 – Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby, Baroness Ellesmere and Viscountess Brackley (d. 1637 )
May 12
July 2 – Margareta Brahe , Swedish political activist (d. 1638 )
July 22 – Lawrence of Brindisi , Italian saint (d. 1619 )
July 27 – Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburg and Countess consort of Oettingen-Oettingen (d. 1618 )
August 18 – Frederik van den Bergh , Dutch soldier in the Eighty Years' War (d. 1618 )
August 24 or September 1556 – Sophia Brahe , Danish astronomer, horticulturalist (d. 1643 )
September 21 – Cigoli , Italian painter (d. 1613 )
September 15 – Edmond Richer , French theologian (d. 1631 )
October 12 or October 22 – Jacques Sirmond , French Jesuit scholar (d. 1651 )
November 11 – Tokuhime , Japanese noble (d. 1636 )
November 12 – Yaza Datu Kalaya , Crown Princess of Burma (d. 1603 )
November 13 – Al-Mansur al-Qasim , Imam of Yemen (d. 1620 )
November 15 – Albert VII, Archduke of Austria , Governor of the Low Countries (d. 1621 )
December 14 – Lupercio Leonardo de Argensola , Spanish writer (d. 1613 )
date unknown
Deaths
January – Christina Gyllenstierna , leading opponent of King Christian II of Denmark and Norway (b. 1494 )
January 1 – King Christian III of Denmark and Norway (b. 1503 )
January 25 – King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (b. 1481 )
February 12 – Prince-elector Otto Henry of the Palatinate (b. 1502 )
March 8 – Thomas Tresham , English Catholic politician
March 13 – Johann Gropper , German Catholic cardinal (b. 1503 )
March 16 – Anthony St. Leger , Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1496 )
March 23 – Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia (in battle) (b. 1522 )
March 30 – Adam Ries , German mathematician (b. 1492 )
June 3 – Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, Countess of Wied , German noblewoman (b. 1488 )
July 10 – King Henry II of France (jousting accident) (b. 1519 )[1]
August 18 – Pope Paul IV (b. 1476 )
September 7 – Robert Estienne , French printer (b. 1503 )
September 15 – Isabella Jagiellon , queen consort of Hungary (d. 1519 )
October 2 – Jacquet of Mantua , French composer (b. 1483 )
October 3 – Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara , Italian noble (b. 1508 )
October 4 – Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1504 )
October 6 – William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (b. 1487 )
November 5 – Kan? Motonobu , Japanese painter (b. 1476 )
November 10 – Jacob Milich , German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1501 )
November 18 – Cuthbert Tunstall , English church leader (b. 1474 )
November 20 – Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk , English noblewoman and claimant to the throne of England (b. 1517 )
November 26 – Adolph of Nassau-Saarbrücken , Count of Nassau (b. 1526 )
December 17 – Irene di Spilimbergo , Italian Renaissance poet and painter (b. 1538 )
December 31 – Owen Oglethorpe , deposed English bishop
date unknown
References
^ a b "Henry II | king of France" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2019 .
^ "Francis II | king of France" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2019 .
^ Escallier, Énée Aimé (1852). L'abbaye d'Anchin, 1079-1792 (in French). L. Lefort.
^ Guy, John, My Heart is my Own, London, Fourth Estate, 2004, ISBN 1841157538
^ G.R. Elton, ed. The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 2: The Reformation, 1520-1559 (1st ed. 1958); Lewis Spitz, The Protestant Reformation: 1517-1559 (2003).
^ Mark Pattison (1875). Isaac Casaubon, 1559-1614 . Longmans, Green. p. 11.
^ Austin, Gregory. "Chronology of Psychoactive Substance Use" . Drugs & Society . Comitas Institute for Anthropological Study. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved 2011 .