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All 386 seats in the United States House of Representatives 194 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1902 United States House of Representatives elections occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901.
Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. Census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.[]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.
29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 Census.[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
176 | 3 | 207 |
Democratic | IR | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
Alabama | Districts | 9 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Arkansas | Districts | 7 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
California | Districts | 8 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
Colorado | District +at-large[f] |
3[g] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
Connecticut | District +at-large[f] |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Florida | Districts | 3 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Georgia | Districts | 11 | ![]() |
11 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Idaho | At-large | 1[g] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Illinois | Districts | 25 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
17 | ![]() |
Indiana | Districts | 13 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
Iowa | Districts | 11 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
Kansas | District +at-large |
8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
Kentucky | Districts | 11 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Louisiana | Districts | 7 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maine[i] | Districts | 4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
Maryland | Districts | 6 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
Michigan | Districts | 12 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
11 | ![]() |
Minnesota | Districts | 9 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
Mississippi | Districts | 8 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Missouri | Districts | 16 | ![]() |
15 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Montana | At-large | 1[g] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Nebraska | Districts | 6[j] | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Hampshire | Districts | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
New Jersey | Districts | 10 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
New York | Districts | 37 | ![]() |
17 | ![]() |
20 | ![]() |
North Carolina | Districts | 10 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
North Dakota | At-large | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
Ohio | Districts | 21 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
17 | ![]() |
Oregon[i] | Districts | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
Pennsylvania | District[k] | 32 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
29[d] | ![]() |
Rhode Island | Districts | 2 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
South Carolina | Districts | 7 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
Tennessee | Districts | 10 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
Texas | Districts | 16 | ![]() |
16 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Utah | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Vermont[i] | Districts | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
Virginia | Districts | 10 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Washington | At-large | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
West Virginia | Districts | 5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Total | 386 | ![]() |
176 45.6% |
![]() |
210[d] 54.4% |
![]() |
The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 7 | |||||
Pennsylvania 17 | |||||
Kentucky 3 | |||||
Massachusetts 6 | William Henry Moody | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
Missouri 12 | James Joseph Butler | Democratic | 1901 | Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner. |
|
New York 10 | |||||
Virginia 6 | |||||
New Jersey 4 | |||||
Texas 3 | |||||
New York 26 | |||||
Texas 4 | |||||
Connecticut 3 |
All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
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See Non-voting delegates, below.
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
California 2 | Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
California 6 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district |
Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 7 | James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 8 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 3 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
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See Non-voting delegates, below.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Thomas L. Glenn | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 2 | Albert Blakeney | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 4 | Charles R. Schirm | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | John R. Thayer | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | William S. Knox | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | Vacant | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become United States Secretary of the Navy. New member elected. Republican hold. |
| ||
Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Joseph A. Conry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Citizens Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 10 | Henry F. Naphen | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Massachusetts 11 | None (new seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Massachusetts 12 | Samuel L. Powers | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 14 | William C. Lovering | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 3 | Pat Henry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 5 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent redistricted to the 8th district. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 6 | Frank A. McLain | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent redistricted to the 7th district. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Frank A. McLain | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Redistricted from the 6th district. | ||
Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent redistricted from the 5th district. Incumbent re-elected. Democratic gain. |
|
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large | Caldwell Edwards | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Nebraska 3 | John S. Robinson | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Nebraska 4 | William L. Stark | Populist | 1896 |
| |
Nebraska 5 | Ashton C. Shallenberger | Democratic | 1900 |
| |
Nebraska 6 | William Neville | Populist | 1899 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
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See Non-voting delegates, below.
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New seat | New member elected. Republican gain. |
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See Non-voting delegates, below.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon 1 | Thomas H. Tongue | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. Died before next term began. |
|
Oregon 2 | Malcolm A. Moody | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1896 |
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Eben Martin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 10 | Malcolm R. Patterson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 4 | None (incumbent redistricted) | Incumbent redistricted to the 5th district. New member elected. Republican hold. |
| ||
West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes Redistricted from the 4th district |
Republican | 1900 | New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | |||||
Hawaii Territory at-large | |||||
New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894 (Lost) 1898 |
Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican hold. |
|