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April 19
Date
April 19 is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . 256 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.[1]
531 – Battle of Callinicum : A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria ).[2]
797 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI . He is deposed and blinded . Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself basileus .
1506 – The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are being slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics.[3]
1529 – Beginning of the Protestant Reformation : After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst ) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms .
1539 – The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed.
1608 – In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry .
1677 – The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.[4]
1713 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor , issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa was not born until 1717.[5]
1770 – Captain James Cook , still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.[6]
1770 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy wedding .[7]
1775 – American Revolutionary War : The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord .
1782 – John Adams secures the Dutch Republic 's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague , Netherlands becomes the first American embassy .
1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn , part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition . On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1810 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán , Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
1818 – French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals .
1839 – The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
1861 – American Civil War : Baltimore riot of 1861 : A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
1903 – The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia ) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world .
1927 – Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex .
1942 – World War II : In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.
1943 – World War II: In Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.
1943 – Albert Hofmann deliberately doses himself with LSD for the first time, three days after having discovered its effects on April 16 .
1956 – Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco .
1960 – Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee , eventually forcing him to resign.
1971 – Sierra Leone becomes a republic , and Siaka Stevens the president.
1971 – Launch of Salyut 1 , the first space station .
1971 – Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) for conspiracy in the Tate-LaBianca murders .
1973 – The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel .
1975 – India 's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar , Russia .
1984 – Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem , and green and gold as the national colours .
1985 – Two hundred ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the white supremacist survivalist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas; the CSA surrenders two days later.
1987 – The Simpsons first appear as a series of shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show , first starting with Good Night .
1989 – A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa , killing 47 sailors.
1993 – The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas , USA, ends when a fire breaks out. 76 Davidians, including eighteen children under the age of ten, died in the fire.
1995 – Oklahoma City bombing : The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City , USA, is bombed, killing 168 people including 19 children under the age of six.
1999 – The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.
2000 – Air Philippines Flight 541 crashes in Samal, Davao del Norte , killing all 131 people on board.[8]
2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected to the papacy and becomes Pope Benedict XVI .
2011 – Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961.
2013 – Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar is later captured hiding in a boat inside a backyard in the suburb of Watertown .
2020 – A killing spree in Nova Scotia , Canada , leaves 22 people and the perpetrator dead, making it the deadliest rampage in the country's history.[9] [10] Births
1452 – Frederick IV , King of Naples (d. 1504)[11]
1593 – Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet , English politician (d. 1647)[12]
1603 – Michel Le Tellier , French politician, French Minister of Defence (d. 1685)[13]
1613 – Christoph Bach , German musician (d. 1661)[14]
1633 – Willem Drost , Dutch painter (d. 1659)[15]
1655 – George St Lo (e), Royal Navy officer and administrator (d. 1718)[16]
1658 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine , German husband of Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria (d. 1716)[17]
1665 – Jacques Lelong , French author (d. 1721)[18]
1686 – Vasily Tatishchev , Russian ethnographer and politician (d. 1750)
1715 – James Nares , English organist and composer (d. 1783)
1721 – Roger Sherman , American lawyer and politician (d. 1793)
1734 – Karl von Ordóñez , Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1786)
1757 – Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth , English admiral and politician (d. 1833)
1758 – William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk , Scottish admiral (d. 1831)
1785 – Alexandre Pierre François Boëly , French pianist and composer (d. 1858)
1787 – Deaf Smith , American soldier (d. 1837)
1793 – Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)
1806 – Sarah Bagley , American labor organizer (d. 1889)
1814 – Louis Amédée Achard , French journalist and author (d. 1875)
1831 – Mary Louise Booth , American writer, editor and translator (d. 1889)[19]
1832 – José Echegaray , Spanish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
1835 – Julius Krohn , Finnish poet and journalist (d. 1888)
1863 – Hemmo Kallio , Finnish actor (d. 1940)
1872 – Alice Salomon , German social reformer (d. 1948)
1873 – Sydney Barnes , English cricketer (d. 1967)
1874 – Ernst Rüdin , Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)
1877 – Ole Evinrude , Norwegian-American engineer, invented the outboard motor (d. 1934)
1879 – Arthur Robertson , Scottish runner (d. 1957)
1882 – Getúlio Vargas , Brazilian lawyer and politician, 14th President of Brazil (d. 1954)
1883 – Henry Jameson , American soccer player (d. 1938)
1883 – Richard von Mises , Austrian-American mathematician and physicist (d. 1953)
1885 – Karl Tarvas , Estonian architect (d. 1975)
1889 – Otto Georg Thierack , German jurist and politician (d. 1946)
1891 – Françoise Rosay , French actress (d. 1974)
1892 – Germaine Tailleferre , French composer and educator (d. 1983)
1894 – Elizabeth Dilling , American author and activist (d. 1966)
1897 – Peter de Noronha , Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
1897 – Jiroemon Kimura , Japanese super-centenarian, oldest verified man ever (d. 2013)
1898 – Constance Talmadge , American actress and producer (d. 1973)
1899 – George O'Brien , American actor (d. 1985)
1899 – Cemal Tollu , Turkish lieutenant and painter (d. 1968)
1900 – Iracema de Alencar , Brazilian film actress (d. 1978)
1900 – Richard Hughes , English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1976)
1900 – Roland Michener , Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Governor General of Canada (d. 1991)
1900 – Rhea Silberta , Yiddish songwriter and singing teacher (d. 1959)
1902 – Veniamin Kaverin , Russian author and screenwriter (d. 1989)
1903 – Eliot Ness , American law enforcement agent (d. 1957)[20]
1907 – Alan Wheatley , English actor (d. 1991)
1908 – Irena Eichlerówna , Polish actress (d. 1990)
1912 – Glenn T. Seaborg , American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
1913 – Ken Carpenter , American discus thrower and coach (d. 1984)
1917 – Sven Hassel , Danish-German soldier and author (d. 2012)
1919 – Sol Kaplan , American pianist and composer (d. 1990)
1920 – Gene Leis , American guitarist, composer, and producer (d. 1993)
1920 – Marvin Mandel , American lawyer and politician, 56th Governor of Maryland (d. 2015)[21]
1920 – John O'Neil , American baseball player and manager (d. 2012)
1920 – Julien Ries , Belgian cardinal (d. 2013)
1920 – Marian Winters , American actress (d. 1978)
1921 – Anna Lee Aldred , American jockey (d. 2006)[22]
1921 – Leon Henkin , American logician (d. 2006)[23]
1921 – Roberto Tucci , Italian Jesuit leader, cardinal, and theologian (d. 2015)
1922 – Erich Hartmann , German colonel and pilot (d. 1993)
1922 – David Smith , politician in Rhodesia and Zimbabwe (d. 1996)
1925 – John Kraaijkamp, Sr. , Dutch actor (d. 2011)
1925 – Hugh O'Brian , American actor (d. 2016)
1926 – Rawya Ateya , Egyptian captain and politician (d. 1997)
1928 – John Horlock , English engineer and academic (d. 2015)[24]
1928 – Azlan Shah of Perak , Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2014)
1931 – Walter Stewart , Canadian journalist and author (d. 2004)
1932 – Fernando Botero , Colombian painter and sculptor
1933 – Dickie Bird , English cricketer and umpire
1933 – Jayne Mansfield , American model and actress (d. 1967)[25]
1933 – Philip Lavallin Wroughton , English captain and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire
1934 – Dickie Goodman , American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1989)
1935 – Dudley Moore , English actor, comedian, and pianist (d. 2002)[26]
1935 – Justin Francis Rigali , American cardinal
1936 – Wilfried Martens , Belgian politician, 60th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2013)
1936 – Jack Pardee , American football player and coach (d. 2013)
1937 – Antonio Carluccio , Italian-English chef and author (d. 2017)[27]
1937 – Elinor Donahue , American actress
1937 – Joseph Estrada , Filipino politician, 13th President of the Philippines
1938 – Stanley Fish , American theorist, author, and scholar
1939 – E. Clay Shaw, Jr. , American accountant, judge, and politician (d. 2013)[28]
1941 – Roberto Carlos , Brazilian singer-songwriter
1941 – Clark Dimond , American musician and author
1941 – Michel Roux , French-English chef and author (d. 2020)
1941 – Bobby Russell , American singer-songwriter (d. 1992)
1942 – Bas Jan Ader , Dutch-American photographer and director (d. 1975)
1942 – Alan Price , English keyboard player, singer, and composer
1942 – Jack Roush , American businessman, founded Roush Fenway Racing
1942 – Maarten van den Bergh , American-Dutch businessman
1943 – Margo MacDonald , Scottish journalist and politician (d. 2014)[29]
1943 – Lorenzo Sanz , Spanish businessman
1944 – Keith Erickson , American basketball player and sportscaster
1944 – James Heckman , American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1944 – Bernie Worrell , American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2016)[30]
1946 – Duygu Asena , Turkish journalist, author, and activist (d. 2006)
1946 – Tim Curry , English actor[31]
1947 – Murray Perahia , American pianist and conductor
1947 – Wilfrid Stevenson, Baron Stevenson of Balmacara , English civil servant
1947 – Yan Pascal Tortelier , French violinist and conductor
1947 – Mark Volman , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1948 – Stuart McLean , Canadian radio host and author (d. 2017)
1948 – Rick Miller , American baseball player and manager
1949 – Paloma Picasso , French-Spanish fashion designer
1949 – Larry Walters , American truck driver and pilot (d. 1993)
1950 – Julia Cleverdon , English businesswoman and philanthropist
1951 – Barry Brown , American actor and playwright (d. 1978)
1951 – Jóannes Eidesgaard , Faroese educator and politician, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
1952 – Alexis Argüello , Nicaraguan boxer and politician (d. 2009)
1952 – Tony Plana , Cuban-American actor and director
1952 – Michael Trend , English journalist and politician
1953 – Rod Morgenstein , American drummer
1953 – Sara Simeoni , Italian high jumper
1953 – Ruby Wax , British-based American comedian, actress, and screenwriter
1954 – Trevor Francis , English footballer and manager
1954 – Bob Rock , Canadian guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1956 – Sue Barker , English tennis player and journalist
1956 – Randy Carlyle , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1956 – Anne Glover , Scottish biologist and academic
1957 – Tony Martin , English singer-songwriter
1957 – Mukesh Ambani , Indian businessman, chairman of Reliance Industries and currently the richest man in Asia[32] [33]
1958 – Steve Antin , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1958 – Stevie B , American singer-songwriter and record producer
1958 – Denis O'Brien , Irish businessman, founded BT Ireland
1958 – Vytautas ?apranauskas , Lithuanian actor (d. 2013)
1958 – Keith Shine , British academic and educator
1959 – Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton , English activist
1959 – Teofisto Guingona III , Filipino lawyer and politician
1959 – Donald Markwell , Australian sociologist and academic
1960 – Nicoletta Braschi , Italian actress and producer
1960 – Ara Gevorgyan , Armenian pianist, composer, and producer
1960 – Roger Merrett , Australian footballer and coach
1960 – John Schweitz , American basketball player and coach
1960 – Frank Viola , American baseball player and coach[34]
1961 – Alan Kirschenbaum , American producer and writer (d. 2012)
1961 – Albert Martinez , Filipino actor, director, and producer
1961 – Spike Owen , American baseball player and coach
1962 – Al Unser Jr. , American race car driver
1964 – Gordon Marshall , Scottish footballer and coach
1964 – Kim Weaver , American astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic
1965 – Natalie Dessay , French soprano and actress
1965 – Suge Knight , American record producer, co-founded Death Row Records
1966 – Véronique Gens , French soprano and actress
1966 – David La Haye , Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1966 – Paul Reiffel , Australian cricketer and umpire
1966 – El Samurai , Japanese wrestler
1967 – Philippe Saint-André , French rugby player and coach
1968 – Mswati III , king (Ngwenyama ) of Eswatini .[35]
1968 – Ashley Judd , American actress and activist
1968 – Arshad Warsi , Indian film actor and producer
1969 – Andrew Carnie , Canadian-American linguist, author, and academic
1969 – Susan Polgar , Hungarian-American chess player
1970 – Luis Miguel , Mexican singer-songwriter and producer
1970 – Kelly Holmes , English runner
1970 – Abelardo Fernández , Spanish footballer and manager
1971 – Brendon Burns , Australian comedian, podcaster, writer and author
1971 – Scott McCord , Canadian voice actor
1972 – Rivaldo , Brazilian footballer
1972 – Jeff Wilkins , American football player
1973 – George Gregan , Zambian-Australian rugby player and coach
1973 – Alessio Scarpi , Italian footballer
1975 – Jason Gillespie , Australian cricketer and coach
1975 – Jussi Jääskeläinen , Finnish footballer
1976 – Ruud Jolie , Dutch guitarist
1976 – Scott Padgett , American basketball player, coach, and radio host
1976 – Kim Young-oh , South Korean author and illustrator
1977 – Joe Beimel , American baseball player
1977 – Anju Bobby George , Indian long jumper
1977 – Lucien Mettomo , Cameroonian footballer
1977 – Dennys Reyes , Mexican baseball player
1977 – Jonny Storm , English wrestler and trainer
1978 – James Franco , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1978 – Gabriel Heinze , Argentinian footballer
1978 – Amanda Sage , American-Austrian painter and educator
1979 – Rocky Bernard , American football player
1979 – Kate Hudson , American actress
1979 – Zhao Junzhe , Chinese footballer
1980 – Jason Blaine , Canadian singer-songwriter
1980 – Robyn Regehr , Brazilian-Canadian ice hockey player
1981 – Hayden Christensen , Canadian actor and producer
1981 – Ryuta Hara , Japanese footballer
1981 – Martin Havlát , Czech ice hockey player
1981 – James Hibberd , English cricketer
1981 – Troy Polamalu , American football player
1981 – Catalina Sandino Moreno , Colombian actress
1982 – Joseph Hagerty , American gymnast
1982 – Filip Jícha , Czech handball player
1982 – Samuel C. Morrison, Jr. , Liberian-American journalist, producer, and screenwriter
1982 – Rocco Sabato , Italian footballer
1982 – Ignacio Serricchio , Argentinian-American actor
1982 – Sitiveni Sivivatu , New Zealand rugby player
1983 – Alberto Callaspo , Venezuelan-American baseball player
1983 – Zach Duke , American baseball player
1983 – Joe Mauer , American baseball player
1983 – Patrick Platins , German footballer
1983 – Curtis Thigpen , American baseball player
1984 – Christopher Pearce , English cricketer
1985 – Valon Behrami , Swiss footballer
1985 – David Cavazos , Mexican singer-songwriter
1985 – Sabrina Jalees , Canadian comedian, dancer, actress, presenter, and writer
1985 – Jan Zimmermann , German footballer
1986 – Pascal Angan , Beninese footballer
1986 – Candace Parker , American basketball player
1986 – Gabe Pruitt , American basketball player
1986 – Will Thursfield , English-Australian footballer
1987 – Luigi Giorgi , Italian footballer
1987 – Joe Hart , English footballer
1987 – Daniel Schuhmacher , German singer-songwriter
1987 – Maria Sharapova , Russian tennis player
1987 – Lauren Wilson , Canadian figure skater
1988 – Enrique Esqueda , Mexican footballer
1989 – Dominik Mader , German footballer
1989 – Daisuke Watabe , Japanese footballer
1989 – Genoveva Añonma , Equatoguinean footballer
1990 – Jackie Bradley, Jr. , American baseball player
1990 – Kim Chiu , Filipino actress, singer, and dancer[36]
1990 – Héctor Herrera , Mexican footballer
1990 – Ayaka Takahashi , Japanese badminton player
1991 – Steve Cook , English footballer
1998 – Patrik Laine , Finnish hockey player[37] Deaths
843 – Judith of Bavaria , Frankish empress
1012 – Ælfheah of Canterbury , English archbishop and saint (b. 954)
1013 – Hisham II , Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (b. 966)
1044 – Gothelo I , duke of Lorraine
1054 – Leo IX , pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1002)
1321 – Gerasimus I , patriarch of Constantinople
1390 – Robert II , king of Scotland (b. 1316)
1405 – Thomas West, 1st Baron West , English nobleman (b. 1335)[38]
1431 – Adolph III , count of Waldeck (b. 1362)
1560 – Philip Melanchthon , German theologian and reformer (b. 1497)
1567 – Michael Stifel , German monk and mathematician (b. 1487)
1578 – Uesugi Kenshin , Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)
1588 – Paolo Veronese , Italian painter (b. 1528)
1608 – Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset , English poet, playwright, and politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1536)
1618 – Thomas Bastard , English priest and author (b. 1566)
1619 – Jagat Gosain , Mughal empress (b. 1573)[39]
1629 – Sigismondo d'India , Italian composer (b. 1582)
1632 – Sigismund III Vasa , king of Sweden and Poland (b. 1566)
1686 – Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra , Spanish historian and playwright (b. 1610)
1689 – Christina , queen of Sweden (b. 1626)
1733 – Elizabeth Hamilton , countess of Orkney (b. 1657)
1739 – Nicholas Saunderson , English mathematician and academic (b. 1682)
1768 – Canaletto , Italian painter and etcher (b. 1697)
1776 – Jacob Emden , German rabbi and author (b. 1697)
1791 – Richard Price , Welsh-English preacher and philosopher (b. 1723)
1813 – Benjamin Rush , American physician and educator (b. 1745)
1824 – Lord Byron , English-Scottish poet and playwright (b. 1788)
1831 – Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger , German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1765)
1833 – James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier , Bahamian-English admiral and politician, 36th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1756)
1840 – Jean-Jacques Lartigue , Canadian bishop (b. 1777)
1854 – Robert Jameson , Scottish mineralogist and academic (b. 1774)
1881 – Benjamin Disraeli , English journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
1882 – Charles Darwin , English biologist and theorist (b. 1809)
1893 – Martin Körber , Estonian-German pastor, composer, and conductor (b. 1817)
1901 – Alfred Horatio Belo , American publisher, founded The Dallas Morning News (b. 1839)
1903 – Oliver Mowat , Canadian politician, third Premier of Ontario , eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (b. 1820)[40]
1906 – Pierre Curie , French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
1906 – Spencer Gore , English tennis player and cricketer (b. 1850)
1909 – Signe Rink , Greenland-born Danish writer and ethnologist (b. 1836)
1914 – Charles Sanders Peirce , American mathematician and philosopher (b. 1839)
1915 – Thomas Playford II , English-Australian politician, 17th Premier of South Australia (b. 1837)
1916 – Ephraim Shay , American engineer, designed the Shay locomotive (b. 1839)
1926 – Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov , Russian-Swiss statistician and theorist (b. 1874)
1930 – Georges-Casimir Dessaulles , Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1827)
1937 – Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington , English cartographer and politician (b. 1856)
1937 – William Morton Wheeler , American entomologist and zoologist (b. 1865)
1941 – Johanna Müller-Hermann , Austrian composer (b. 1878)
1949 – Ulrich Salchow , Danish-Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
1950 – Ernst Robert Curtius , French-German philologist and scholar (b. 1886)
1955 – Jim Corbett , British-Indian colonel, hunter, and author (b. 1875)
1960 – Beardsley Ruml , American economist and statistician (b. 1894)
1961 – Max Hainle , German swimmer (b. 1882)
1967 – Konrad Adenauer , German politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
1971 – Luigi Piotti , Italian race car driver (b. 1913)
1975 – Percy Lavon Julian , American chemist and academic (b. 1899)
1987 – Hugh Brannum , American vocalist, arranger, and composer (b. 1910)
1988 – Kwon Ki-ok , Korean pilot (b. 1901)[41]
1989 – Daphne du Maurier , English novelist and playwright (b. 1907)
1991 – Stanley Hawes , English-Australian director and producer (b. 1905)
1992 – Frankie Howerd , English actor and screenwriter (b. 1917)
1993 – David Koresh , American religious leader (b. 1959)
1993 – George S. Mickelson , American captain, lawyer, and politician, 28th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1941)
1998 – Octavio Paz , Mexican poet, philosopher, and academic Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
1999 – Hermine Braunsteiner , Austrian-German SS officer (b. 1919)
2000 – Louis Applebaum , Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1918)
2001 – Meldrim Thomson, Jr. . American publisher and politician, 73rd Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1912)
2002 – Reginald Rose , American writer (b. 1920)
2003 – Mirza Tahir Ahmad , Indian-English caliph (b. 1928)
2004 – Norris McWhirter , English author and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (b. 1925)
2004 – John Maynard Smith , English biologist and geneticist (b. 1920)
2004 - Jenny Pike , Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (b. 1922)[42]
2005 – George P. Cosmatos , Italian-Greek director and screenwriter (b. 1941)
2005 – Ruth Hussey , American actress (b. 1911)
2005 – Clement Meadmore , Australian-American sculptor and author (b. 1929)
2005 – Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen , Danish bassist and composer (b. 1946)
2006 – Albert Scott Crossfield , American engineer, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1921)
2007 – Jean-Pierre Cassel , French actor (b. 1932)
2008 – John Marzano , American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1963)
2008 – Alfonso López Trujillo , Colombian cardinal (b. 1935)
2009 – J. G. Ballard , English novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1930)
2011 – Elisabeth Sladen , English actress (b. 1946)[43]
2012 – Leopold David de Rothschild , English financier and philanthropist (b. 1927)
2012 – Greg Ham , Australian saxophonist, songwriter, and actor (b. 1953)
2012 – Levon Helm , American singer-songwriter, drummer, guitarist, instrumentalist, and actor (b. 1940)
2012 – Valeri Vasiliev , Russian ice hockey player (b. 1949)
2013 – Sivanthi Adithan , Indian businessman (b. 1936)
2013 – Allan Arbus , American actor and photographer (b. 1918)
2013 – Mike Denness , Scottish-English cricketer and referee (b. 1940)
2013 – François Jacob , French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920)
2013 – E. L. Konigsburg , American author and illustrator (b. 1930)
2013 – Al Neuharth , American journalist, author, and publisher, founded USA Today (b. 1924)
2014 – Lindy Berry , American football player (b. 1927)
2014 – Ian McIntyre , Scottish journalist and producer (b. 1930)
2014 – Frits Thors , Dutch journalist (b. 1909)
2015 – Raymond Carr , English historian and academic (b. 1919)
2015 – William Price Fox , American journalist and author (b. 1926)
2015 – Roy Mason , English miner and politician, Secretary of State for Defence (b. 1924)[44]
2015 – Tom McCabe , Scottish social worker and politician (b. 1954)[45]
2015 – Oktay Sinano?lu , Italian-Turkish chemist and academic (b. 1935)
2016 – Patricio Aylwin , Chilean politician (b. 1918)[46]
2016 – Milt Pappas , American baseball player (b. 1939)[47]
2017 – Aaron Hernandez , American football player (b. 1989)[48] Holidays and observances
References
^ Richard Holland (2000). Nero: The Man Behind the Myth . Sutton. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7509-2447-4 .
^ Irfan Shahid; Irfan Shahîd (1995). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century . Dumbarton Oaks. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-88402-214-5 .
^ Paulo Mendes Pinto; Susana Bastos Mateus (2 September 2014). The Massacre of the Jews: Lisbon April 19, 1506 . Alêtheia Editores. p. 28. ISBN 978-989-622-665-7 .
^ John Ruler (2011). Cross-Channel France: Nord-Pas de Calais - The Land Beyond the Ports . Bradt Travel Guides. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-84162-327-6 .
^ Thomas Carlyle (1859). History of Friedrich the Second, Called Frederick the Great . Harper & Brothers. p. 420.
^ William Shurtleff; Akiko Aoyagi (4 November 2014). Early History of Soybeans and Soyfoods Worldwide (1024 BCE to 1899):: Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook . Soyinfo Center. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-928914-69-3 .
^ A New Historical and Commercial System of Geography: Containing a Comprehensive History and Description of the Present State of All the Kingdoms of the World... S. Russell. 1806. p. 2.
^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-2H4 RP-C3010 Davao" . aviation-safety.net . Retrieved .
^ "22 victims of N.S. rampage include retirees, pregnant health care worker, veteran" . CBC News. April 20, 2020. Retrieved 2020 .
^ Gillies, Rob (April 19, 2020). "16 killed in shooting rampage, deadliest in Canadian history" . Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved 2020 .
^ Richard J. Walsh (2005). Charles the Bold and Italy (1467-1477): Politics and Personnel . Liverpool University Press. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-85323-838-6 .
^ Vicesimus Knox (1807). Elegant Epistles . W. Flint. p. 144.
^ Franklin Henry Hooper (1937). The Encyclopædia Britannica . Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 969.
^ Philipp Spitta (1 January 1992). Johann Sebastian Bach: His Work and Influence on the Music of Germany, 1685-1750 . Courier Corporation. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-486-27412-6 .
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