The Ekstraklasa (Polish pronunciation: [kstra'klasa]), named PKO Ekstraklasa since the 2019-20 season due to its sponsorship by PKO Bank Polski,^[2][3] is the top Polish professional league for men's association football teams.

Contested by 16 clubs, operating a system of promotion and relegation with the I liga, seasons start in July, and end in May or June the following year. Teams play a total of 30 games each. Games are played on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and Mondays. The winner of the Ekstraklasa qualifies for the Polish SuperCup. The Ekstraklasa is now operated by the Ekstraklasa SA (English: Ekstraklasa Joint-stock company).

The Ekstraklasa (former I liga) was officially formed as Liga Polska on 4-5 December 1926 in Warsaw, since 1 March 1927 as Liga Pi?ki No?nej (Polish pronunciation: ['l?i?a 'piwki 'nn?j]), but the Polish Football Association (Polish: Polski Zwi?zek Pi?ki No?nej, PZPN) had been in existence since 20 December 1919, a year after the independence of Poland in 1918. The first games of the freshly created league took place on 3 April 1927, while first national non-league football championship took place in 1920.

A total of 82 teams have played in the top division of Polish football since the founding of the league, of which 16 clubs have won the title. The current champions are Legia Warsaw, who won their 14th title in 2019-20 season.

History

Creation of the Polish Football League

On 4-5 December 1926 in Warsaw, representatives from several Polish clubs met for the purpose of discussing the creation of a league. It is unknown where the idea of a Polish league originated from, however a national league was thought to be a much more practical solution than hitherto practiced two-stage system of regional matches followed by a national match.

To dismay of clubs' officials, the PZPN was not receptive to the idea of a national league and therefore sought to thwart it. However, it turned out that virtually all but one of the Polish clubs supported the idea. The decision to create it was made regardless what PZPN's representatives thought of it. In late February 1927, at the PZPN's meeting in Warsaw, its officials openly opposed the formation of a league, but the clubs, allegedly egged on by some generals from the Polish Army (which, after May Coup of 1926, played a key role in all aspects of public life), proceeded anyway. The creation of the League was announced on 1 March 1927.

Cracovia

The only opponent of the league's formation was Cracovia - a very influential and strong organization in Polish football of the 1920s. Cracovia's boycott was because its chairman, Dr. Edward Cetnarowski, at the same time held the post of the director of the PZPN. Cetnarowski was a personality known not only in Poland, but also in other countries. It was due to his efforts that in September 1923, Cracovia toured Spain, drawing 1-1 with Barcelona and losing 0-1 to Real Madrid. In October, also thanks to Cetnarowski, Sevilla travelled to Kraków, losing 2-3 to Cracovia.

Early years of the league

1927 Winning Wis?a Kraków side.

Games of the first championships started on 3 April 1927. All major teams (except for Cracovia) took part in it. This is the list of the teams (in the order they finished in November 1927):

In this first season of the league, fight for championship was decided between two powerful teams - Wis?a Kraków and 1.FC Katowice. This rivalry was treated very seriously, not only by the two sides involved, but also by the whole nation. 1.FC was regarded as the team supported by German minority, while Wis?a, at the end of this historic season, represented ambitions of all Poles.

Some time in the fall of 1927 in Katowice, an ill-fated game between 1.FC and Wis?a took place. Stakes were very high - the winner would become the champion. Kraków's side won 2-0 and became the champion. 1.FC finished second, third was Warta Pozna?.

1927-1932: dominance of Kraków teams

In 1928 Cracovia finally decided to enter the league, which was gladly accepted by all fans of football. However, championships were once again won by Wis?a, with such excellent players as Henryk Reyman, Mieczys?aw Balcer and Jan Kotlarczyk. Warta Pozna? was second and Legia Warsaw third. This was also the last year of 1.FC's glory. The team finished fifth, to be relegated forever at the end of 1929 season.

In 1929 yet another team (after Cracovia, Pogon Lwów and Wis?a) was added to the list of champions of Poland. This time it was Warta Pozna?, which finished one point ahead of Garbarnia Kraków.

However, after the last game, on 1 December 1929, it was Garbarnia Kraków that was celebrating the championship. Two weeks later, in mid-December, PZPN's officials changed the result of the Warta - Klub Turystow ?ód? game. Originally, Warta lost 1-2, but due to walk-over (it was decided that one of ?ód?'s players did not have all necessary documents), this was changed to 3-0 in favor of Pozna?'s side. As a result of the decision, Warta (with 33 points) became the champion, Garbarnia finished second with 32 points and Klub Turystow was relegated.

In 1930, Cracovia regained the championship, (to repeat this success in 1932) and a year later another Kraków's side, Garbarnia, won the league. It is clear that the 1927-1932 period was marked by dominance of teams from Kraków. During this time, only once (Warta Pozna?, 1929) the championship was won by a side from a different city. The 1931 champion, Garbarnia, was unique as this was the first time that the league had been won by a side whose all players had been bought from other teams.

1933-1939: Upper Silesian dominance

As has been said, the early 1930s marked a decline of the dominance of Kraków and Lwów as centers of Polish football. The point of gravity slowly moved towards west - to Polish part of Upper Silesia, which had belonged to Poland since 1921 (see: Silesian Uprisings). In 1932 the champion was Cracovia, but starting in 1933, Ruch Chorzów (then: Ruch Wielkie Hajduki) completely dominated the league, being the champion for four times in a row.

Ruch, with such excellent players as Teodor Peterek, Ernest Wilimowski and Gerard Wodarz was by far the best team in those years. For example, in 1934 it finished seven points ahead of second Cracovia. Other important teams of these years were: Cracovia, Wis?a Kraków, Pogo? Lwów and Warta Pozna?.

In 1933 and 1934 there were 12 teams in the League. In 1935 this number was cut to 11 and in 1936 - to 10. Football officials did it on purpose - with fewer teams, the competition was supposed to be harder, which would attract fans to the stadiums. However, supporters' turnout was not impressive, with Ruch Chorzów as the most popular team, both at home and away.

In late 1935 (the league held its games in the spring-summer-fall system) fans were shocked to find that Cracovia, the legend of this sport, was relegated to the A-class. Kraków's side absence lasted for a year - it returned in 1937, to become the champion.

Ruch Chorzów was still the dominant team, winning the Championships in 1936 and 1938. In 1937 Ruch's streak of four consecutive champions was broken by Cracovia, and in 1939 the championships were not finished. By 31 August 1939, after some 12 games, Ruch was the leader of the 10-team League. Last games of this summer occurred on 20 August. Then, a break was planned, because the National Team was going to play a few international friendlies. Games were to be re-introduced on 10 September.

This is the list of the ten teams that participated in last, historic games for championships of interwar Poland. Teams are presented according to their position on the table, as of 31 August 1939:

1. Ruch Chorzów
2. Wis?a Kraków
3. Pogo? Lwów
4. AKS Chorzów
5. Warta Pozna?
6. Cracovia
7. Polonia Warsaw
8. Garbarnia Kraków
9. Warszawianka Warsaw
10. Union Touring ?ód?

After World War II

As a result of the Second World War, the borders of Poland changed significantly. Lwów, one of the centers of Polish football (with such teams as Pogo? Lwów, Czarni Lwów and Lechia Lwów) was annexed by Soviet Union and all these teams ceased to exist. Lwów's football officials and players moved westwards, creating such clubs as Polonia Bytom, Odra Opole and Pogo? Szczecin (see: Recovered Territories). Another important center, Wilno (with the team ?mig?y Wilno), was also annexed by the Soviets (see: Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union). In exchange, Poland gained a large swath of formerly German territory in particular in Silesia, with its capital Wroc?aw (home of double champion ?l?sk Wroc?aw) and towns such as Zabrze (home of 14-times champion Górnik Zabrze, Bytom (home of champions Polonia Bytom and Szombierki Bytom) and Lubin (home of double champion Zagbie Lubin). 18 teams played in the league between seasons of 1992 and 1998.

Clubs

There are 16 clubs in the Ekstraklasa. During the course of the season each club plays the others twice, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 30 games (240 games in the season). From the 2013-14 season onward after 30th round league will be split into 'champion' (top eight teams) and 'relegation' (bottom eight teams) groups. Each team plays seven more games (teams ranked 1-4 and 9-12 play four times at home). The 2016-17 season was last when teams started an extra round with half the points (rounded up) achieved during the first phase of 30 matches. The changes extend the season to total of 296 matches played.^[4]

Cracovia

Górnik

Jagiellonia

Lech

Lechia

Legia

Piast

Podbeskidzie

Pogo?

Raków

Stal

?l?sk

Warta

Wis?a K.

Wis?a P.

Zagbie L.

Location of teams in 2020-21 Ekstraklasa

Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

1. ^ Upgrading to 31,871.
2. ^ Due to the renovation of the Municipal Football Stadium "Raków" in Cz?stochowa, Raków will play home matches at the Stadion GKS in Be?chatów.
3. ^ Upgrading to 20,500.^[5][6]
4. ^ Due to the renovation of D?bi?ska Road Stadium in Pozna?, Warta will play home matches at the Dyskobolia Stadium in Grodzisk Wielkopolski.^[7]

List of league champions

°Abandoned due to the outbreak of World War II. On 31 August 1939 Ruch Chorzów was the leader.
°°In 1951, the Polish Football Association decided to give the Champion of Poland title to the winner of the Polish Cup, in order to increase the importance of the re-activated cup competition. Ruch Chorzów was 6th in the league, but won the cup, beating 2-0 Wis?a Kraków in the final game. Wis?a Kraków was announced the league champion.^[8]

Clubs by number of league championships

Note: This list is not synonymous with a list of Polish football champions.

Bold indicates clubs playing in the top division in the 2020-21 season.

The following table lists the league champions by the Polish voivodeship regions (current, valid since 1999).

Region	Titles	Winning Clubs
Silesia	31	Górnik Zabrze (14), Ruch Chorzów (13), Polonia Bytom (2), Szombierki Bytom (1), Piast Gliwice (1)
Lesser Poland	19	Wis?a Kraków (14), Cracovia (4), Garbarnia Kraków (1)
Masovia	15	Legia Warsaw (14), Polonia Warsaw (1)
Greater Poland	8	Lech Pozna? (7), Warta Pozna? (1)
?ód?	6	Widzew ?ód? (4), ?KS ?ód? (2)
Lower Silesia	4	Zagbie Lubin (2), ?l?sk Wroc?aw (2)
Subcarpathian	2	Stal Mielec (2)

The following table lists the league champions by city.

City	Titles	Winning Clubs
Kraków	19	Wis?a Kraków (14), Cracovia (4), Garbarnia Kraków (1)
Warsaw	15	Legia Warsaw (14), Polonia Warsaw (1)
Zabrze	14	Górnik Zabrze (14)
Chorzów	13	Ruch Chorzów (13)
Pozna?	8	Lech Pozna? (7), Warta Pozna? (1)
?ód?	6	Widzew ?ód? (4), ?KS ?ód? (2)
Bytom	3	Polonia Bytom (2), Szombierki Bytom (1)
Lubin	2	Zagbie Lubin (2)
Wroc?aw	2	?l?sk Wroc?aw (2)
Mielec	2	Stal Mielec (2)
Gliwice	1	Piast Gliwice (1)

Honored teams

After 10 Polish Championship titles a representative golden star is placed above the team's badge to indicate 10 Polish Championship titles.

The current (as of May 2019) officially sanctioned Championship stars are:

• Golden star: 10 or more Polish Championship titles:
  • Ruch Chorzów
  • Górnik Zabrze
  • Wis?a Kraków
  • Legia Warsaw
• Silver star: 5-9 Polish Championship titles:
  • Lech Pozna?
  • Cracovia
• White star: 1-4 Polish Championship titles:
  • Widzew ?ód?
  • ?l?sk Wroc?aw
  • Zagbie Lubin
  • ?KS ?ód?
  • Piast Gliwice
  • Polonia Bytom
  • Polonia Warszawa
  • Warta Pozna?

All-time league table

The all-time league table consists off all the teams that once participated in the Ekstraklasa. Data from the 1927 - 2018-19 seasons.

Source: Tabela wszech czasów Ekstraklasy (1927-2019) 90minut.pl

From 1927 to 2019 a total of 81 teams contested in the Ekstraklasa.

Bold- indicates teams currently playing in the Ekstraklasa 2020-21 season.

Explanation

1. An equal number of points on the basis of their goal difference, then greater number of goals scored.
2. In seasons 1927 - 1994-95 for a win awarded 2 points and 1 point for a draw. In seasons 1986-87 - 1989-90 for win at least three goals difference additionally awarded 1 point, while a losses at least 3 goals difference subtracted one point. Since the season 1995-96 for win gives 3 points and 1 point for a draw.
3. Included additional qualification games between both teams and league championship and remain in the league (including 11 games in 1948, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1988-89) and was not included in the table play-off for the right to play in the league between teams of different class divisions.
4. Included matches with unfinished 1939 season.

Penalty points

Includes penalties imposed by the Football Association:

• In the season 1934 in the meeting Garbarnia Kraków - ?KS ?ód? held bilateral forfeit 0:3 (match did not take place due to the fault of both teams).
• Matches of the season 1986-87 (Lech Pozna? - Polonia Bytom 1:1, Olimpia Pozna? - Stal Mielec 1:3, Zagbie Lubin - Ruch Chorzów 0:2) and the season 1992-93 (Wis?a Kraków - Legia Warsaw 0:6, ?KS ?ód? - Olimpia Pozna? 7:1 ) on suspicion settings results have been verified as completed, but the teams received points places and infield (and this is included in the table).
• In the season 1993-94 Legia Warsaw, Wis?a Kraków and ?KS ?ód? started the game with a negative account (-3 points) as punishment for the events of the final round of the season 1992-93.
• In the season 2009-10 Jagiellonia Bia?ystok was penalized 10 points deduction for participating in the corruption scandal.
• In the season 2012-13 Zagbie Lubin was penalized 3 points for participating in the corruption scandal.
• In the season 2015-16 Wis?a Kraków, Górnik Zabrze, Lechia Gda?sk and Ruch Chorzów were penalized 1 points for failing with licensing requirements.
• In the season 2016-17 Ruch Chorzów waw penalized 4 points for failing with licensing requirements.

Mergers and acquisitions teams

With the following mergers and acquisitions teams:

• The combination Union ?ód? and Klub Turystów ?ód? at Union-Touring ?ód? (1932) - the balance Klub Turystów and Union-Touring counted together.
• The combination Rymer Niedobczyce and B?yskawica Radlin at Górnik Radlin (1949) - the balance Rymer and Górnik counted together.
• The combination Sokó? Pniewy and GKS Tychy at Sokó? Tychy (1995) - the balance of the Sokó? Pniewy and Sokó? Tychy is counted together.
• The combination Olimpia Pozna? and Lechia Gda?sk at Lechia/Olimpia Gda?sk (1995) - the balance Lechia/Olimpia Gda?sk is included in the balance sheet Lechia Gda?sk.
• The combination Amica Wronki and Lech Pozna? (2006) - Lech Pozna? balance before and after the merger is counted together.
• The combination Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski and Polonia Warsaw (2008) - Polonia Warsaw balance before and after the merger is counted together.

Top goalscorers

Players

League presidents

Corruption scandal

Several clubs have been involved in a corruption scandal and were/are in danger of relegation:

• Arka Gdynia - relegated from 1st to 2nd division, -5 points at the start of 2007/08 season
• Cracovia - -5 points at the start of the 2020-21 season, fine of 1,000,000 zloty.^[10]
• Górnik czna - relegated from 1st to 3rd division, -6 points at the start of 2007/08 season
• Górnik Polkowice - 70 000 z? penalty, relegated from 2nd to 4th division, -6 points at the start of 2007/08 season
• Jagiellonia Bia?ystok - docked 10 points at the start of the 2009/10 season, fine of 300,000 zloty
• KSZO Ostrowiec ?wi?tokrzyski - relegated from 2nd to 3rd division, - 6 points at the start of 2007/08 season
• Zagbie Sosnowiec - at the end of 2007/08 they were relegated from the top division to the 3rd, as they finished the season in the relegation zone, plus one division lower due to corruption.
• Korona Kielce - at the end of 2007/08 they were relegated one level lower due to corruption.
• Zagbie Lubin (Polish champion 2006-2007) - at the end of 2007/08 they were relegated one level lower due to corruption.

Statistics

UEFA coefficients

The following data indicates Polish coefficient rankings between European football leagues.^[11]

Television

All matches from the 2011-12 are telecast live nationally by Canal+ Poland. From 2019-20 Telewizja Polska has the rights to air live 1 game per week on a non-scrambled channel.

See also

• Football in Poland
• List of Polish football champions
• List of sports attendance figures

Notes

References

External links

• Official website (in Polish and English)
• Ekstraklasa's goals and highlights (in Polish)
• PSN Futbol - Ekstraklasa league table, results and news (in English)