Elections in Poland refers to the election process as well as the election results in Poland. Poland has a multi-party political system. On the national level, Poland elects the head of state - the president - and a legislature. There are also various local elections, referendums and elections to the European Parliament.
Poland has a long history of public elections dating back several centuries, beginning with the elections to Sejm in czyca (known as the First Sejm) in 1182. Notably, since the Sejm of 1493, Polish kings were obliged to call regular Sejms and regional elections (sejmiks) every two years. From 1573 until 1795 the state system of elective monarchy in Poland required the royal elections of monarchs as well during the Sejm proceedings.[1]
The first modern and free elections in 20th-century Poland were held in 1919, two months after the country regained independence in 1918 after over a century of partition and occupation by foreign powers. After the Second World War, Poland fell into the Soviet sphere of influence as a satellite state and became controlled by the communists, who rigged the elections of 1947 to ensure they controlled the entire Polish government. There were regular elections in Poland from that time on; however, no elections until the groundbreaking elections of 1989, marking the fall of communism, were free. The Polish communists secured a majority of the lower house seats in 1989, but allowed opposition parties to take up seats.
The first Polish Sejm was called in 1182. Since the Sejm of 1493, called by king John I Olbracht in 1493, Sejms were to be held every 2 years. There were also special Sejms when needed, for example the coronation sejms.[1]
The most famous Sejms included the Sejm Niemy or the Silent Sejm of 1717 which marked the beginning of Russian control over Polish internal affairs; the subsequent Repnin Sejm or the Sejm of 1767/1768, whose terms were dictated by the Russian ambassador Repnin; the Great Sejm - or the Four-Years Sejm of 1798-1792, which voted for the May Constitution of Poland; and the Grodno Sejm - last Sejm of the First Republic.
Since the death of Sigismund II Augustus, last of the Jagiellonian dynasty, and following a brief period of interregnum, the entire nobility (szlachta) of the Commonwealth (10% of the population) could take part in the elections of the monarchs. Last elected king was Stanis?aw August Poniatowski in 1764. He abdicated in 1795 after the partitions of Poland ended the existence of sovereign state of Poland for 123 years.
It is disputed how free were elections held after 1926; in particular, the 1930 elections are often considered to have been non-free pl:Wybory brzeskie. Polish presidents were elected by the Sejm and Senate (Zgromadzenie Narodowe), not in a popular vote. Before 1922, the Polish Chief of State was called Naczelnik Pa?stwa.
Only the 1947 and 1989 elections can be considered as partially free. All others were controlled. There were no presidential elections during the rest of this period, with President Boles?aw Bierut's nomination by the Sejm and the abolition of the office by the 1952 constitution.
Since 1991, Polish elections operate according to a typical representative democracy.
Poland has a multi-party political system, with numerous parties in which no party often has any chance of gaining power by itself, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
Poland elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly has two chambers. The parliament (Sejm) has 460 members, elected for a four-year term by party lists in multi-seat constituencies with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions, (requirement waived for national minorities). The Senate (Senat) has 100 members elected for a four-year term via the first past-the-post system, with 100 single member constituencies. Prior to the 2011 parliamentary elections, elections to the Senate were conducted through plurality bloc voting in 40 multi-seat constituencies. Since 1991, elections have been supervised by National Electoral Commission (Pa?stwowa Komisja Wyborcza), whose administrative division is called the National Electoral Office (Krajowe Biuro Wyborcze
1989 Parliamentary Elections: the Polish Round Table Agreement produced a partly open parliamentary elections. The June election produced a Sejm (lower house), in which one-third of the seats went to communists and one-third went to the two parties which had hitherto been their coalition partners. The remaining one-third of the seats in the Sejm and all those in the Senate were freely contested; the majority of these were by candidates supported by Solidarity. Jaruzelski was elected by the Sejm as President of Poland.
The May 1990 local elections were entirely free. Candidates supported by Solidarity's Citizens' Committees won most of the elections they contested, although voter turnout was only a little over 40%. The cabinet was reshuffled in July 1990; the national defence and interior affairs ministers (hold-overs from the previous communist government) were among those replaced.
In October 1990, the constitution was amended to curtail the term of President Jaruzelski. In December, Lech Wasa became the first popularly elected President of Poland.
Poland's first free parliamentary elections were held in 1991. More than 100 parties participated, representing the full spectrum of political views. No single party received more than 13% of the total vote.
After a rough start, the second group of elections were held in 1993, and the first parliament to serve a full term. The Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) received the largest share of votes.
After the election, the SLD and Polish People's Party (PSL) formed a governing coalition. Waldemar Pawlak, leader of the junior partner PSL, became Prime Minister, later replaced by SLD's leader Józef Oleksy.
In November 1995, Poland held its second post-war free presidential election. SLD leader Aleksander Kwa?niewski defeated Wasa by a narrow margin--51.7% to 48.3%.
Party | Ideology | Votes | % | Change | Seats | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solidarity Electoral Action | Christian democracy | 4,427,373 | 33.83% | 201 | |||
Democratic Left Alliance | Social democracy | 3,551,224 | 27.13% | 164 | |||
Freedom Union | Liberalism | 1,749,518 | 13.37% | 60 | |||
Polish People's Party | Agrarianism | 956,184 | 7.31% | 27 | |||
Movement for Reconstruction of Poland | Euroscepticism | 727,072 | 5.56% | 6 | |||
Labour Union | Social democracy | 620,611 | 4.74% | -- | -- | ||
National Party of Retirees and Pensioners | 284,826 | 2.18% | -- | -- | |||
Unia Prawicy Rzeczypospolitej | 266,317 | 2.03% | -- | -- | |||
KPERR | 212 826 | 1.63% | -- | -- | |||
Blok dla Polski | 178,395 | 1.36% | -- | -- | |||
Total (Turnout: 47.93%) | 12,974,346 | 100.0% | -- | 458 | -- |
In 1997 parliamentary elections two parties with roots in the Solidarity movement - Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and the Freedom Union (UW) - won 261 of the 460 seats in the Sejm and formed a coalition government. Jerzy Buzek of the AWS became Prime Minister. The AWS and the Democratic Left Allianc (SLD) held the majority of the seats in the Sejm. Marian Krzaklewski was the leader of the AWS, and Leszek Miller led the SLD. In June 2000, UW withdrew from the governing coalition, leaving AWS at the helm of a minority government.
Candidates - party | votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Aleksander Kwa?niewski - Independent supported by Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) | 9,485,224 | 53.90 | ||
Andrzej Olechowski - Independent supported by Conservative People's Party (SKL) | 3,044,141 | 17.30 | ||
Marian Krzaklewski - Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) | 2,739,621 | 15.57 | ||
Jaros?aw Kalinowski - Polish People's Party (PSL) | 1,047,949 | 5.95 | ||
Andrzej Lepper - Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland (SRP) | 537,570 | 3.05 | ||
Janusz Korwin-Mikke - Real Politics Union (UPR) | 252,499 | 1.43 | ||
Lech Wasa - Christian Democracy of the 3rd Republic of Poland (ChD III RP) | 178,590 | 1.01 | ||
Piotr Ikonowicz - Polish Socialist Party (PPS) | 139,682 | 0.79 | ||
Jan ?opusza?ski - Polish Agreement (PP) | 89,002 | 0.51 | ||
Dariusz Grabowski - Coalition for Poland (KdP) | 38,672 | 0.22 | ||
Tadeusz Wilecki - National Party (SN) | 28,805 | 0.16 | ||
Bogdan Paw?owski - Independent | 17,164 | 0.10 | ||
Total | 17,598,919 | 100.00 | ||
Total valid votes | 17,598,919 | |||
Total invalid votes | 190,312 | |||
Total votes cast | 17,789,231 | |||
Turnout | 61.08% | |||
Sources: Wybory Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 2000: Wyniki Oficjalne[2] |
In the presidential election of 2000, Aleksander Kwa?niewski, the incumbent former leader of the post-communist Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), was re-elected in the first round of voting, with 53.9% of the popular vote. Second place, with only 17.3%, went to Andrzej Olechowski. It is thought[who?] that the opposition campaign was hindered by their inability to put forward a charismatic (or even a single major) candidate, as well as falling support for the centre-right Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) government. This was related to internal friction in the ruling parliamentary coalition.
The 1997 Constitution and the changed administrative divisions of 1999 required a revision of the electoral system, which was passed in April 2001. The most important changes included:
In the September 2001 parliamentary elections, the SLD won on the back of voter disillusionment with the AWS government and internal bickering within that bloc. So much so that this former ruling party did not enter parliament, falling below the 8% threshold for coalitions (they had failed to form a formal political party, which has only a 5% threshold, and formally remained a "coalition" of parties).
The SLD formed a coalition with the agrarian Polish Peasant Party and leftist Labour Union (UP), with Leszek Miller as Prime Minister.
Parties | Votes | % | Seats Sejm | +/- | Seats Senate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo, PiS) | 3,185,714 | 27.0 | 155 | +111 | 49 | |
Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO) | 2,849,259 | 24.1 | 133 | +68 | 34 | |
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (Samoobrona RP) | 1,347,355 | 11.4 | 56 | +3 | 3 | |
Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) | 1,335,257 | 11.3 | 55 | -161 | - | |
League of Polish Families (Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) | 940,726 | 8.0 | 34 | -4 | 7 | |
Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) | 821,656 | 7.0 | 25 | -17 | 2 | |
Social Democracy of Poland (Socjaldemokracja Polska, SDPL) | 459,380 | 3.9 | - | - | ||
Democratic Party (Partia Demokratyczna) | 289,276 | 2.5 | - | - | ||
Janusz Korwin-Mikke Platform (Platforma Janusza Korwin-Mikke, PJKM) | 185,885 | 1.6 | - | - | ||
Patriotic Movement (Ruch Patriotyczny) | 124,038 | 1.1 | - | - | ||
Polish Labor Party (Polska Partia Pracy, PPP) | 91,266 | 0.8 | - | - | ||
German Minority Electoral Committee (Komitet Wyborczy Mniejszo Niemiecka) | 34,469 | 0.3 | 2 | |||
Polish National Party (Polska Partia Narodowa) | 34,127 | 0.3 | - | |||
Native House (Dom Ojczysty) | 32,863 | 0.3 | - | |||
Centre (Centrum) | 21,893 | 0.2 | - | |||
All-Poland Civic Coalition (Ogólnopolska Koalicja Obywatelska) | 16,251 | 0.1 | - | |||
Party Initiative of the Republic of Poland (Partia Inicjatywa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) | 11,914 | 0.1 | - | |||
Polish Confederation - Dignity and Work (Polska Konfederacja - Godno i Praca) | 8,353 | 0.1 | - | |||
National Rebirth of Poland (Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski) | 7,376 | 0.1 | - | |||
German Minority of Silesia (Mniejszo Niemiecka ?l?ska) | 5,581 | 0.1 | - | |||
Labour Party (Stronnictwo Pracy) | 1,019 | 0.01 | - | |||
Social Rescuers (Spo?eczni Ratownicy) | 982 | 0.01 | - | |||
Independents | 5 | |||||
Total (turnout 40.6 %) | 11,804,676 | 460 | 100 | |||
|
Candidates and nominating parties | Votes 1st round | % | Votes 2nd round | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lech Kaczy?ski - Law and Justice | 4,947,927 | 33.1 | 8,257,468 | 54.04 | |
Donald Tusk - Civic Platform | 5,429,666 | 36.3 | 7,022,319 | 45.96 | |
Andrzej Lepper - Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland | 2,259,094 | 15.1 | |||
Marek Borowski - Social Democracy of Poland | 1,544,642 | 10.3 | |||
Jaros?aw Kalinowski - Polish People's Party | 269,316 | 1.8 | |||
Janusz Korwin-Mikke - Real Politics Union | 214,116 | 1.4 | |||
Henryka Bochniarz - Democratic Party | 188,598 | 1.3 | |||
Liwiusz Ilasz - Independent | 31,691 | 0.2 | |||
Stanis?aw Tymi?ski - All-Polish Citizens Coalition | 23,545 | 0.2 | |||
Leszek Bubel - Polish National Party | 18,828 | 0.1 | |||
Jan Pyszko - Organization of the Polish Nation - Polish League | 10,371 | 0.1 | |||
Adam S?omka - The Polish Confederation-Freedom and the Work | 8,895 | 0.1 | |||
Total | 15,046,350 | 100.00 | 15,279,787 | 100.00 | |
Total valid votes | 15,046,350 | 15,279,787 | |||
Total invalid votes | 155,233 | 159,897 | |||
Total votes cast | 15,435,020 | 15,439,684 | |||
Turnout | 49.7% | 50.99% | |||
Source: National Electoral Commission |
In the autumn of 2005 Poles voted in both parliamentary and presidential elections. September's parliamentary poll was expected to produce a coalition of two centre-right parties, Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo, PiS) and Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO). PiS eventually gained 27% of votes cast and became the largest party in the sejm ahead of PO on 24%. The out-going ruling party, the left-wing Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD), achieved just 11%. Presidential elections in October followed a similar script. The early favourite, Donald Tusk, leader of the PO, saw his opinion poll lead slip away and was beaten 54% to 46% in the second round by the PiS candidate Lech Kaczy?ski (one of the twins, founders of the party). Both elections were blighted by low turn-outs--only 51% in the second and deciding round of the presidential election, and just over 40% in the parliamentary election. The suggested cause of the low turnout is popular disillusionment with politicians.
Parties | Sejm | Senate | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±% | Seats | ± | Seats | ± | |||
Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO) | 6,701,010 | 41.51 | ![]() |
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Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo, PiS) | 5,183,477 | 32.11 | ![]() |
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Left and Democrats (Lewica i Demokraci, LiD) | 2,122,981 | 13.15 | ![]() |
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-- | ||||
Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) | 1,437,638 | 8.91 | ![]() |
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-- | ![]() | |||
Self-Defence (Samoobrona) | 247,335 | 1.53 | ![]() |
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-- | ![]() | |||
League of Polish Families (Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) | 209,171 | 1.30 | ![]() |
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-- | ![]() | |||
Polish Labour Party (Polish Labour Party, PPP) | 160,476 | 0.99 | ![]() |
-- | -- | ||||
Regional committees | |||||||||
Women's Party (Partia Kobiet, PK) | 45,121 | 0.28 | -- | -- | |||||
German Minority (Mniejszo Niemiecka, MN) | 32,462 | 0.20 | ![]() |
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-- | ||||
Patriotic Self-Defense (Samoobrona Patriotyczna) | 2,531 | 0.02 | -- | -- | |||||
Independents (Niezale?ni) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ![]() | |||
Total | 16,142,202 | 100 | 460 | 100 |
In the October parliamentary elections, the Civic Platform (PO) won a stunning victory, the largest opposition party, which gained more than 41% of the popular vote. PiS's vote increased, from 2005, but insufficiently to gain reelection, whilst both Samoobrona and LPR were wiped out, losing all representation, each having gained only a little over 1% of the vote. PO proceeded to form a majority governing coalition with the agrarian Polish People's Party (PSL), with PO leader, Donald Tusk, taking over the prime ministerial office in November, 2007.
Candidates - Parties | First round | Second round | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Bronis?aw Komorowski - Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska) | 6,981,319 | 41.54 | 8,933,887 | 53.01 |
Jaros?aw Kaczy?ski - Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo) | 6,128,255 | 36.46 | 7,919,134 | 46.99 |
Grzegorz Napieralski - Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej) | 2,299,870 | 13.68 | ||
Janusz Korwin-Mikke - Freedom and Lawfulness (Wolno i Praworz?dno) | 416,898 | 2.48 | ||
Waldemar Pawlak - Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe) | 294,273 | 1.75 | ||
Andrzej Olechowski - Independent | 242,439 | 1.44 | ||
Andrzej Lepper - Self-Defense RP (Samoobrona Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) | 214,657 | 1.28 | ||
Marek Jurek - Right of the Republic (Prawica Rzeczypospolitej) | 177,315 | 1.06 | ||
Bogus?aw Zi?tek - Polish Labour Party (Polska Partia Pracy "Sierpie? 80") | 29,548 | 0.18 | ||
Kornel Morawiecki - Independent | 21,596 | 0.13 | ||
Total votes for candidates | 16,806,170 | 100.00 | 16,853,021 | 100.00 |
Total valid votes | 16,806,170 | 99.30 | 16,853,021 | 98.84 |
Total invalid votes | 117,662 | 0.70 | 197,396 | 1.16 |
Total votes cast | 16,923,832 | 100.00 | 17,050,417 | 100.00 |
Turnout | 54.94% | 55.31% | ||
Source: Electoral Commission, National Electoral Commission |
On 10 April 2010, many members of the political elite were killed in the Smolensk air crash, including Lech Kaczy?ski, acting President of Poland.
At the presidential election in 2010, Donald Tusk decided not to present his candidature, considered easily winning over PiS leader Jaros?aw Kaczy?ski. At PO primary elections, Bronis?aw Komorowski defeated the Oxford-educated, PiS turncoat Foreign Minister Rados?aw Sikorski. At the polls, Komorowski defeated Jaros?aw Kaczy?ski, ensuring a PO dominance on all Polish political landscape.[4]
In November 2010, local elections granted about 31 percent of the votes and PiS at 23 percent, an increase for the former and a drop for the latter compared to the 2006 elections. PO succeeded in winning four consecutive elections a record in post-communist Poland.[4]
Parties | Sejm | Senate | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±% | Seats | ± | Seats | ± | |||
Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO) | 5,629,773 | 39.18 | ![]() |
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Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo, PiS) | 4,295,016 | 29.89 | ![]() |
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Palikot's Movement (Ruch Palikota, RP) | 1,439,490 | 10.02 | ![]() |
-- | |||||
Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) | 1,201,628 | 8.36 | ![]() |
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Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) | 1,184,303 | 8.24 | ![]() |
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-- | ||||
Poland Comes First (Polska Jest Najwa?niejsza, PJN) | 315,393 | 2.19 | -- | -- | |||||
Polish Labour Party (Polish Labour Party (Sierpie? 80), PPP-S'80) | 79,147 | 0.55 | ![]() |
-- | -- | ||||
Regional committees | |||||||||
Congress of the New Right (Kongres Nowej Prawicy, KNP) | 151,837 | 1.06 | -- | -- | |||||
Right Wing (Prawica) | 35,169 | 0.24 | -- | -- | |||||
German Minority (Mniejszo Niemiecka, MN) | 28,014 | 0.19 | ![]() |
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-- | ||||
Our Home Poland (Nasz Dom Polska) | 9,733 | 0.07 | ![]() |
-- | -- | ||||
Citizens to the Senate (OdS) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ![]() | |||
Independents (Niezale?ni) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ![]() | |||
Total | 14,369,503 | 100 | 460 | 100 |
The parliamentary election to both the Sejm and the Senate was held on 9 October 2011. The previous election, in 2007, resulted in a Civic Platform-Polish People's Party (PSL) government. All seats of both houses were up for re-election.
Civic Platform (PO), led by Prime Minister Donald Tusk, was aiming for re-election: a feat that hadn't been achieved since Poland became a democracy. The PSL was previously the smaller partner to the Civic Platform in the governing coalition, and had said that it wished to continue this relationship after the election.[6]
The parliamentary election to both the Sejm and the Senate was held in October 2015. The previous election, in 2011, resulted in a Civic Platform-Polish People's Party (PSL) government. All seats of both houses are up for re-election.
The process of election for the Sejm is through party-list proportional representation via the D'Hondt method in multi-seat constituencies,[7] with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities). The following coalition has been signed already: Law and Justice (PiS) between United Poland (SP) and Polska Razem (PR).
Parties | Sejm | Senate | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±% | Seats | ± | Seats | ± | ||
Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo, PiS) | 5,711,687 | 37.58 | ![]() |
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Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO) | 3,661,474 | 24.09 | ![]() |
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Kukiz'15 (K'15) | 1,339,094 | 8.81 | ![]() |
-- | ||||
Modern (Nowoczesna, .N) | 1,155,370 | 7.60 | ![]() |
-- | ||||
United Left (Zjednoczona Lewica, ZL) | 1,147,102 | 7.55 | ![]() |
--[a] | ![]() |
-- | ||
Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) | 779,875 | 5.13 | ![]() |
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KORWiN | 722,999 | 4.76 | -- | -- | ||||
Together (Partia Razem) | 550,349 | 3.62 | -- | -- | ||||
Regional committees | ||||||||
Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga (KWW ZS) | 42,731 | 0.28 | -- | -- | ||||
German Minority (Mniejszo Niemiecka, MN) | 27,530 | 0.18 | ![]() |
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-- | |||
United for Silesia (Zjednoczeni dla ?l?ska, Zd?) | 18,668 | 0.12 | -- | -- | ||||
JOW Bezpartyjni | 15,656 | 0.10 | -- | -- | ||||
Committee of Grzegorz Braun "God Bless You!" (Szcz Bo?e!) | 13,113 | 0.09 | -- | -- | ||||
Congress of the New Right (Kongres Nowej Prawicy, KNP) | 4,852 | 0.03 | ![]() |
-- | -- | |||
Self-Defence (Samoobrona) | 4,266 | 0.03 | ![]() |
-- | -- | |||
Social Movement of the Republic of Poland (Ruch Spo?eczny) | 3,941 | 0.03 | -- | -- | ||||
Citizens to Parliament (Obywatele do Parlamentu, OdP) | 1,964 | 0.01 | -- | -- | ||||
Independents (Niezale?ni) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ![]() | ||
Total | 15,200,671 | 100 | 460 | 100 |
Notes
The 2019 Polish parliamentary elections were held on 13 October 2019. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The ruling Law and Justice (PiS) retained its majority in the Sejm, but lost its majority in the Senate to the opposition. With 43.6% of the popular vote, Law and Justice received the highest vote share by any party since Poland returned to democracy in 1989. The turnout was the highest for a parliamentary election since the first free elections after the fall of communism in 1989.[9] For the first time after 1989, the ruling party controls one house (Sejm) and opposition controls second (Senate).
Electoral Committee (Sejm) | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Law and Justice (PiS) | 8,051,935 | 43.59 | 235 | -5 | |||
Civic Coalition (KO) | 5,060,355 | 27.40 | 134 | -32 | |||
The Left (SLD) | 2,319,946 | 12.56 | 49 | +49 | |||
Polish Coalition (PSL) | 1,578,523 | 8.55 | 30 | -28 | |||
Confederation (KWiN) | 1,256,953 | 6.81 | 11 | +7 | |||
German Minority (MN) | 32,094 | 0.17 | 1 | ±0 | |||
Nonpartisan local government activists (BS) | 144,569 | 0.78 | 0 | ±0 | |||
Effective (Skuteczni) | 18,918 | 0.10 | 0 | -1 | |||
Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners (AZER) | 5,448 | 0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |||
Right Wing of the Republic (PR) | 1,765 | 0.01 | 0 | -1 | |||
Valid votes | 18,470,710 | 98.89 | |||||
Blank and invalid votes | 207,747 | 1.11 | |||||
Total | 18,678,457 | 100 | 460 | ±0 | |||
Abstentions | 11,575,099 | 38.26 | |||||
Registered voters / Turnout | 30,253,556 | 61.74 | |||||
(Source: National Electoral Commission) |
Electoral committee (Senate) | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Law and Justice (PiS) | 8,110,193 | 44.56 | 48 | -13 | ||
Civic Coalition (KO) | 6,490,306 | 35.66 | 43 | +9 | ||
Polish Coalition (PSL) | 1,041,909 | 5.72 | 3 | +2 | ||
The Left | 415,745 | 2.28 | 2 | +2 | ||
Nonpartisan local government activists (BS) | 331,385 | 1.82 | 0 | ±0 | ||
Confederation (KWiN) | 144,124 | 0.79 | 0 | ±0 | ||
Independents | 187,014 | 1.03 | 4 | ±0 | ||
Others | 1,511,672 | 8.31 | 0 | ±0 | ||
Valid votes | 18,201,348 | 97.45 | ||||
Blank and invalid votes | 476,582 | 2.55 | ||||
Total | 18,677,930 | 100 | 100 | ±0 | ||
Abstentions | 11,575,626 | 38.26 | ||||
Registered voters / Turnout | 30,253,556 | 61.74 | ||||
(Source: National Electoral Commission) |
The 2020 Polish presidential elections first round was held on 28 June 2020 and was completed with a second round of voting on 12 July 2020.
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Andrzej Duda | Independent (PiS) | 8,450,513 | 43.50 | 10,440,648 | 51.03 | |
Rafa? Trzaskowski | Civic Platform | 5,917,340 | 30.46 | 10,018,263 | 48.97 | |
Szymon Ho?ownia | Independent | 2,693,397 | 13.87 | |||
Krzysztof Bosak | Confederation (RN) | 1,317,380 | 6.78 | |||
W?adys?aw Kosiniak-Kamysz | Polish People's Party | 459,365 | 2.36 | |||
Robert Biedro? | Spring | 432,129 | 2.22 | |||
Stanis?aw ?ó?tek | Congress of the New Right | 45,419 | 0.23 | |||
Marek Jakubiak | Federation for the Republic | 33,652 | 0.17 | |||
Pawe? Tanajno | Independent | 27,909 | 0.14 | |||
Waldemar Witkowski | Labour Union | 27,290 | 0.14 | |||
Miros?aw Piotrowski | Real Europe Movement | 21,065 | 0.11 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 58,301 | - | 177,724 | - | ||
Total | 19,483,760 | 100 | 20,636,635 | 100 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 30,204,792 | 64.51 | 30,268,460 | 68.18 | ||
Source: Results, Turnout (First round); Results, Turnout (Second round) |