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February 18
Date
February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar . 316 days remain until the end of the year (317 in leap years ).
Events
1229 – The Sixth Crusade : Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor , signs a ten-year truce [1] with al-Kamil , regaining Jerusalem , Nazareth , and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy .
1268 – The Battle of Wesenberg is fought between the Livonian Order and Dovmont of Pskov .[2]
1332 – Amda Seyon I , Emperor of Ethiopia begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces.
1478 – George, Duke of Clarence , convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England , is executed in private at the Tower of London .
1637 – Eighty Years' War : Off the coast of Cornwall , England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo -Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by six warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
1781 – Fourth Anglo-Dutch War : Captain Thomas Shirley opens his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana ).
1791 – Congress passes a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective 4 March, after that state had existed for 14 years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.
1797 – French Revolutionary Wars : Sir Ralph Abercromby and a fleet of 18 British warships invade Trinidad .
1814 – Napoleonic Wars : The Battle of Montereau .
1861 – In Montgomery, Alabama , Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America .
1861 – With Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont , Savoy and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy .
1873 – Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.
1878 – John Tunstall is murdered by outlaw Jesse Evans , sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico .
1885 – Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is published in the United States.
1900 – Second Boer War : Imperial forces suffer their worst single-day loss of life on Bloody Sunday , the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg .
1906 – Édouard de Laveleye forms the Belgian Olympic Committee in Brussels .
1911 – The first official flight with airmail takes place from Allahabad , United Provinces , British India (now India), when Henri Pequet , a 23-year-old pilot, delivers 6,500 letters to Naini , about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away.
1930 – While studying photographs taken in January , Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto .
1930 – Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and also the first cow to be milked in an aircraft.
1932 – The Empire of Japan creates the independent state of Manzhouguo (the obsolete Chinese name for Manchuria ) free from the Republic of China and installed former Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi as Chief Executive of the State.
1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War : During the Nanking Massacre , the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee is renamed "Nanking International Rescue Committee", and the safety zone in place for refugees falls apart.
1942 – World War II : The Imperial Japanese Army begins the systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore .
1943 – World War II: The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement.
1943 – World War II: Joseph Goebbels delivers his Sportpalast speech .
1946 – Sailors of the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in Bombay harbour, from where the action spreads throughout the Provinces of British India , involving 78 ships, twenty shore establishments and 20,000 sailors
1947 – First Indochina War : The French gain complete control of Hanoi after forcing the Viet Minh to withdraw to mountains.
1954 – The first Church of Scientology is established in Los Angeles .
1955 – Operation Teapot : Teapot test shot "Wasp" is successfully detonated at the Nevada Test Site with a yield of 1.2 kilotons . Wasp is the first of fourteen shots in the Teapot series.
1957 – Kenyan rebel leader Dedan Kimathi is executed by the British colonial government.
1957 – Walter James Bolton becomes the last person legally executed in New Zealand.
1965 – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
1970 – The Chicago Seven are found not guilty of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention .
1972 – The California Supreme Court in the case of People v. Anderson , (6 Cal.3d 628) invalidates the state's death penalty and commutes the sentences of all death row inmates to life imprisonment.
1977 – The Space Shuttle Enterprise test vehicle is carried on its maiden "flight" on top of a Boeing 747 .
1979 – Richard Petty wins a then-record sixth Daytona 500 after leaders Donnie Allison and Cale Yarborough crash on the final lap of the first NASCAR race televised live flag-to-flag.
1983 – Thirteen people die and one is seriously injured in the Wah Mee massacre in Seattle . It is said to be the largest robbery-motivated mass-murder in U.S. history.
1991 – The IRA explodes bombs in the early morning at Paddington station and Victoria station in London.
2001 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested for spying for the Soviet Union . He is ultimately convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment.
2001 – Sampit conflict : Inter-ethnic violence between Dayaks and Madurese breaks out in Sampit , Central Kalimantan , Indonesia , ultimately resulting in more than 500 deaths and 100,000 Madurese displaced from their homes.
2003 – Nearly 200 people die in the Daegu subway fire in South Korea.
2004 – Up to 295 people, including nearly 200 rescue workers, die near Nishapur, Iran , when a runaway freight train carrying sulfur , petrol and fertilizer catches fire and explodes .
2007 – Samjhauta Express bombings occurred around midnight in Diwana near the Indian city of Panipat , 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of New Delhi , India .
2010 – WikiLeaks publishes the first of hundreds of thousands of classified documents disclosed by the soldier now known as Chelsea Manning .
2013 – Armed robbers steal a haul of diamonds worth $50 million during a raid at Brussels Airport in Belgium .
2014 – At least 76 people are killed and hundreds are injured in clashes between riot police and demonstrators in Kyiv, Ukraine .Births
1201 – Nasir al-Din al-Tusi , Persian scientist and writer (d. 1274)
1372 – Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani , Egyptian jurist and scholar (d. 1448)
1486 – Chaitanya Mahaprabhu , Indian monk and saint (d. 1534)
1516 – Mary I of England (d. 1558)[3]
1530 – Uesugi Kenshin , Japanese daimy? (d. 1578)
1543 – Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1608)[4]
1547 – Bah al-d?n al-mil? , founder of Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy (d. 1621)
1559 – Isaac Casaubon , Swiss philologist and scholar (d. 1614)[5]
1589 – Henry Vane the Elder , English politician (d. 1655)
1589 – Maarten Gerritsz Vries , Dutch explorer (d. 1646)
1602 – Per Brahe the Younger , Swedish soldier and politician, Governor-General of Finland (d. 1680)
1609 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon , English historian and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1674)
1626 – Francesco Redi , Italian physician (d. 1697)
1632 – Giovanni Battista Vitali , Italian violinist and composer (d. 1692)
1642 – Marie Champmeslé , French actress (d. 1698)
1658 – Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre , French philosopher and author (d. 1743)
1732 – Johann Christian Kittel , German organist and composer (d. 1809)
1745 – Alessandro Volta , Italian physicist, invented the battery (d. 1827)
1814 – Samuel Fenton Cary , American lawyer and politician (d. 1900)
1817 – Lewis Armistead , American general (d. 1863)
1836 – Ramakrishna Paramahamsa , Indian mystic and yogi (d. 1886)
1838 – Ernst Mach , Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1916)
1846 – Wilson Barrett , English actor, playwright, and manager (d. 1904)
1848 – Louis Comfort Tiffany , American stained glass artist (d. 1933)
1849 – Alexander Kielland , Norwegian author, playwright, and politician (d. 1906)
1850 – George Henschel , German-English singer-songwriter, pianist, and conductor (d. 1934)
1855 – Jean Jules Jusserand , French historian, author, and diplomat, French Ambassador to the United States (d. 1932)
1860 – Anders Zorn , Swedish artist (d. 1920)
1862 – Charles M. Schwab , American businessman, co-founded Bethlehem Steel (d. 1939)
1867 – Hedwig Courths-Mahler , German writer (d. 1950)
1870 – William Laurel Harris , American painter and author (d. 1924)
1871 – Harry Brearley , English inventor (d. 1948)
1883 – Nikos Kazantzakis , Greek philosopher, author, and playwright (d. 1957)
1885 – Henri Laurens , French sculptor and illustrator (d. 1954)
1893 – Maksim Haretski , Belarusian prose writer, journalist and activist (d. 1938)
1890 – Edward Arnold , American actor (d. 1956)
1890 – Adolphe Menjou , American actor (d. 1963)
1892 – Wendell Willkie , American captain, lawyer, and politician (d. 1944)
1896 – Li Linsi , Chinese educator and diplomat (d. 1970)
1898 – Enzo Ferrari , Italian race car driver and businessman, founded Ferrari (d. 1988)
1898 – Luis Muñoz Marín , Puerto Rican poet and politician, 1st Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (d. 1980)
1899 – Arthur Bryant , English historian and journalist (d. 1985)
1903 – Nikolai Podgorny , Ukrainian engineer and politician (d. 1983)
1905 – Queenie Leonard , English actress (d. 2002)[6]
1906 – Hans Asperger , Austrian pediatrician and academic (d. 1980)
1909 – Wallace Stegner , American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (d. 1993)
1914 – Pee Wee King , American singer-songwriter and fiddler (d. 2000)
1915 – Phyllis Calvert , English actress (d. 2002)[7]
1916 – Jean Drapeau , Canadian lawyer and politician, 37th Mayor of Montreal (d. 1999)
1919 – Jack Palance , American boxer and actor (d. 2006)
1920 – Bill Cullen , American game show panelist and host (d. 1990)
1920 – Rolande Falcinelli , French organist, pianist, composer, and pedagogue (d. 2006)
1921 – Mary Amdur , American toxicologist and public health researcher (d. 1998)
1921 – Oscar Feltsman , Ukrainian-Russian pianist and composer (d. 2013)
1922 – Eric Gairy , Grenadan politician, 1st Prime Minister of Grenada (d. 1997)[8]
1922 – Helen Gurley Brown , American journalist and author (d. 2012)[9]
1922 – Allan Melvin , American actor (d. 2008)
1925 – George Kennedy , American actor (d. 2016)[10]
1925 – Halit K?vanç , Turkish journalist and sportscaster
1925 – Ghafar Baba , Malaysian politician (d. 2006)[11]
1926 – Wallace Berman , American painter and illustrator (d. 1976)
1927 – Luis Arroyo , Puerto Rican-American baseball player, manager, and scout (d. 2016)
1927 – Fazal Mahmood , Pakistani cricketer (d. 2005)
1927 – John Warner , American captain, lawyer, and politician, 61st United States Secretary of the Navy
1928 – Rex Mossop , Australian rugby player and sportscaster (d. 2011)
1929 – Len Deighton , English historian and author
1929 – André Mathieu , Canadian pianist and composer (d. 1968)
1931 – Johnny Hart , American cartoonist, co-created The Wizard of Id (d. 2007)
1931 – Toni Morrison , American novelist and editor, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019).[12]
1931 – Swraj Paul, Baron Paul , Indian-English businessman and philanthropist
1931 – John Ryden , Scottish footballer, centre half (d. 2013)[13]
1931 – Bob St. Clair , American football player (d. 2015)
1932 – Milo? Forman , Czech-American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2018)[14]
1933 – Yoko Ono , Japanese-American multimedia artist and musician[15]
1933 – Bobby Robson , English international footballer, inside forward and international manager (d. 2009)[16]
1933 – Mary Ure , Scottish-English actress (d. 1975)
1934 – Skip Battin , American singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2003)
1934 – Dave Dunmore , English footballer, centre forward[17]
1934 – Audre Lorde , American poet, essayist, memoirist, and activist (d. 1992)
1934 – Paco Rabanne , Spanish-French fashion designer
1936 – Jean M. Auel , American author
1938 – Manny Mota , Dominican baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
1938 – Sadanoyama Shinmatsu , Japanese sumo wrestler, the 50th Yokozuna (d. 2017)
1938 – István Szabó , Hungarian director and screenwriter
1939 – Claude Ake , Nigerian political scientist and academic (d. 1996)
1939 – Bobby Hart , American singer-songwriter
1939 – Marlos Nobre , Brazilian composer
1940 – Fabrizio De André , Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
1940 – Prue Leith , English restaurateur and journalist
1941 – Herman Santiago , Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter
1941 – Irma Thomas , American singer
1943 – Graeme Garden , Scottish comedian, actor, and author
1944 – Pat Bowlen , American businessman (d. 2019)
1945 – Judy Rankin , American golfer and sportscaster
1946 – Michael Buerk , English journalist
1947 – Dennis DeYoung , American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
1947 – Eliot Engel , American educator and politician
1948 – Sinéad Cusack , Irish actress
1948 – Bruce Francis , Australian cricketer
1948 – Keith Knudsen , American singer-songwriter and drummer (d. 2005)
1949 – Gary Ridgway , American criminal, Green River Killer
1950 – Nana Amba Eyiaba I , Ghanaian queen mother and advocate[18]
1950 – Cristina Ferrare , American model, actress, author, and television host
1950 – John Hughes , American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
1950 – Cybill Shepherd , American actress and singer
1951 – Queen Komal of Nepal
1951 – Isabel Preysler , Filipino-Spanish journalist
1952 – Randy Crawford , American jazz and R&B singer
1952 – Maurice Lucas , American basketball player and coach (d. 2010)
1952 – Juice Newton , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1952 – Bernard Valcourt , Canadian lawyer and politician
1953 – Robbie Bachman , Canadian rock drummer
1953 – Derek Pellicci , English-Australian drummer
1954 – Charlie Fowler , American mountaineer, author, and photographer (d. 2006)
1954 – Paul Rendall , English rugby player[19]
1954 – John Travolta , American actor and producer
1955 – Cheetah Chrome , American musician
1955 – Miles Tredinnick , English singer-songwriter and playwright
1955 – Lisa See , American writer and novelist[20]
1956 – Ted Gärdestad , Swedish singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
1956 – Bidzina Ivanishvili , Georgian businessman and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Georgia
1957 – Marita Koch , German sprinter[21]
1957 – Vanna White , American model and game show host
1959 – Jayne Atkinson , English-American actress
1959 – James Metzger , American businessman and philanthropist
1960 – Andy Moog , Canadian ice hockey player
1960 – Greta Scacchi , Italian-Australian actress
1963 – Rob Andrew , English rugby player and cricketer
1964 – Matt Dillon , American actor and director
1964 – Paul Hanley , English drummer and songwriter
1965 – Dr. Dre , American rapper, producer, and actor
1966 – Phillip DeFreitas , Dominican-English cricketer
1967 – Roberto Baggio , Italian footballer
1967 – Colin Jackson , Welsh sprinter and hurdler[22]
1968 – Molly Ringwald , American actress
1969 – Toma? Humar , Slovenian mountaineer (d. 2009)
1969 – Alexander Mogilny , Russian-American ice hockey player
1970 – Susan Egan , American actress and singer
1970 – James H. Fowler , American political scientist and author
1970 – Raine Maida , Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1970 – Massimo Taibi , Italian footballer
1971 – Thomas Bjorn , Danish golfer
1971 – Merritt Gant , American guitarist
1972 – Fabian Picardo , Gibraltarian lawyer and politician, 7th Chief Minister of Gibraltar
1973 – Shawn Estes , American baseball player and sportscaster
1973 – Claude Makélélé , French footballer and manager
1974 – Carrie Ann Baade , American painter and academic
1974 – Jamey Carroll , American baseball player
1974 – Radek ?erný , Czech international footballer, goalkeeper[23]
1974 – Ruby Dhalla , Canadian chiropractor and politician
1974 – Julia Butterfly Hill , American environmentalist and author
1974 – Yevgeny Kafelnikov , Russian tennis player
1974 – Jillian Michaels , American fitness trainer and author
1975 – Gary Neville , English footballer and coach
1976 – Leilani Munter , American race car driver and environmentalist
1976 – Chanda Rubin , American tennis player[24]
1976 – Bernadette Sembrano , Filipino journalist
1978 – Josip ?imuni? , Croatian footballer
1979 – Tinu Yohannan , Indian cricketer
1980 – Aivar Anniste , Estonian footballer
1980 – Nik Antropov , Kazakhstani-Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Regina Spektor , Russian-American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
1981 – Andrei Kirilenko , Russian basketball player
1981 – Alex Ríos , American baseball player
1981 – Ivan Sproule , Northern Irish footballer
1981 – Larry Sweeney , American wrestler and manager (d. 2011)
1982 – Juelz Santana , American rapper and actor
1982 – Christian Tiffert , German footballer
1983 – Jermaine Jenas , English international footballer, midfielder, pundit[25]
1984 – Carlos Kameni , Cameroonian footballer
1985 – Anton Ferdinand , English footballer
1985 – Lee Boyd Malvo , Jamaican-American murderer
1985 – Jos van Emden , Dutch cyclist[26]
1986 – Robert DeLong , American singer-songwriter
1986 – Marc Torrejón , Spanish footballer
1986 – Gregory Vargas , Venezuelan basketball player[27]
1987 – Cristian T?nase , Romanian footballer
1987 – Takarafuji Daisuke , Japanese sumo wrestler[28]
1988 – Changmin , South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor
1990 – Didi Gregorius , Dutch baseball player
1990 – Cody Hodgson , Canadian ice hockey player
1991 – Sebastian Neumann , German footballer
1991 – Henry Surtees , English race car driver (d. 2009)
1994 – Jake Trbojevic , Australian rugby league player[29]
1994 – J-Hope , South Korean rapper, dancer, singer-songwriter[30] Deaths
675 – Colmán , bishop of Lindisfarne
814 – Angilbert , Frankish monk and diplomat (b. 760)
901 – Th?bit ibn Qurra , Arab astronomer and physician (b. 826)
999 – Gregory V , pope of the Catholic Church (b. 972)
1139 – Yaropolk II , Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1082)
1218 – Berthold V , duke of Zähringen (b. 1160)
1225 – Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk , Norman nobleman
1294 – Kublai Khan , Mongol emperor (b. 1215)
1379 – Albert II , duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1318)
1397 – Enguerrand VII , French nobleman (b. 1340)
1405 – Timur , Turco-Mongol ruler (b. 1336)
1455 – Fra Angelico , Italian priest and painter (b. 1395)
1478 – George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence , English nobleman (b. 1449)
1502 – Hedwig Jagiellon , duchess of Bavaria (b. 1457)
1535 – Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa , German magician, astrologer, and theologian (b. 1486)
1546 – Martin Luther , German priest and theologian, leader of the Protestant Reformation (b. 1483)
1564 – Michelangelo , Italian sculptor and painter (b. 1475)
1654 – Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac , French author (b. 1594)
1658 – John Villiers, 1st Viscount Purbeck , English courtier (b. c. 1591)
1683 – Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem , Dutch painter (b. 1620)
1695 – William Phips , governor of Massachusetts (b. 1650)
1712 – Louis, Dauphin of France , (b. 1682)
1743 – Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici , Italian noble (b. 1667)
1748 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun , Austrian field marshal (b. 1677)
1772 – Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff , Danish politician (b. 1712)
1778 – Joseph Marie Terray , French economist and politician, Controller-General of Finances (b. 1715)
1780 – Kristijonas Donelaitis , Lithuanian pastor and poet (b. 1714)
1788 – John Whitehurst , English geologist and clockmaker (b. 1713)
1803 – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim , German poet and educator (b. 1719)
1851 – Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi , German mathematician and academic (b. 1804)
1873 – Vasil Levski , Bulgarian activist, founded the Internal Revolutionary Organization (b. 1837)
1880 – Nikolay Zinin , Russian organic chemist (b. 1812)
1893 – Serranus Clinton Hastings , American lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Justice of California (b. 1814)
1902 – Charles Lewis Tiffany , American businessman, founded Tiffany & Co. (b. 1812)
1906 – John Batterson Stetson , American businessman, founded the John B. Stetson Company (b. 1830)
1910 – Lucy Stanton , American activist (b. 1831)
1911 – Billy Murdoch , Australian cricketer (b. 1854)
1915 – Frank James , American soldier and criminal (b. 1843)
1923 – Alois Ra?ín , Czech economist and politician (b. 1867)
1931 – Milan ?ufflay , Croatian historian, author, and politician (b. 1879)
1931 – Louis Wolheim , American actor and screenwriter (b. 1880)
1933 – James J. Corbett , American boxer and actor (b. 1866)
1938 – David King Udall , American missionary and politician (b. 1851)
1942 – Albert Payson Terhune , American journalist and author (b. 1872)
1945 – Ivan Chernyakhovsky , Russian general (b. 1906)
1956 – Gustave Charpentier , French composer (b. 1860)
1957 – Dedan Kimathi , Kenyan rebel leader (b. 1920)
1957 – Henry Norris Russell , American astronomer, astrophysicist, and academic (b. 1877)
1960 – Gertrude Vanderbilt , American stage actress (b. c. 1885 ) [31]
1964 – Joseph-Armand Bombardier , Canadian inventor and businessman, founded Bombardier Inc. (b. 1907)
1966 – Robert Rossen , American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1908)
1967 – J. Robert Oppenheimer , American physicist and academic (b. 1904)
1969 – Dragi?a Cvetkovi? , Serbian lawyer and politician, 17th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1893)
1973 – Frank Costello , Italian-American gangster (b. 1891)
1976 – Wallace Berman , American painter and illustrator (b. 1926)
1977 – Andy Devine , American actor (b. 1905)
1978 – Maggie McNamara , American actress (b. 1928)
1981 – Jack Northrop , American engineer and businessman, founded the Northrop Corporation (b. 1895)
1982 – Ngaio Marsh , New Zealand author (b. 1895)
1989 – Mildred Burke , American wrestler and trainer (b. 1915)
1990 – Richard de Zoysa , Sri Lankan journalist (b. 1958)
1993 – Jacqueline Hill , English actress (b. 1929)
1995 – Eddie Gilbert , American wrestler (b. 1961)
1995 – Bob Stinson , American guitarist (b. 1959)
1997 – Emily Hahn , American journalist and author (b. 1905)
1998 – Harry Caray , American sportscaster (b. 1914)
2001 – Balthus , Polish-Swiss painter and illustrator (b. 1908)
2001 – Dale Earnhardt , American stock car racer and team owner (b. 1951)
2001 – Eddie Mathews , American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1931)
2003 – Isser Harel , Belarusian-Israeli intelligence officer (b. 1912)
2006 – Bill Cowsill , American singer and guitarist (b. 1948)
2008 – Alain Robbe-Grillet , French director, screenwriter, and novelist (b. 1922)
2009 – Tayeb Salih , Sudanese journalist and author (b. 1929)
2009 – Miika Tenkula , Finnish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1974)
2010 – John Babcock , Canadian soldier (b. 1900)
2012 – George Brizan , Grenadian politician, 9th Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1942)
2012 – Elizabeth Connell , South African-English soprano (b. 1946)
2013 – Kevin Ayers , English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1944)
2013 – Jerry Buss , American chemist and businessman (b. 1933)
2014 – Mavis Gallant , Canadian-French author and playwright (b. 1922)
2014 – Kristof Goddaert , Belgian cyclist (b. 1986)
2014 – Nikhil Baran Sengupta , Indian art director and production designer (b. 1943)
2014 – Maria Franziska von Trapp , Austrian-American singer (b. 1914)
2015 – Cass Ballenger , American lawyer and politician (b. 1926)
2015 – Jerome Kersey , American basketball player and coach (b. 1962)
2016 – Abdul Rashid Khan , Indian singer-songwriter (b. 1908)
2016 – Pantelis Pantelidis , Greek singer (b. 1983)
2017 – Ivan Koloff , Canadian wrestler (b. 1942)
2017 – Norma McCorvey , American abortion rights activist; Plaintiff, Roe v. Wade (b. 1947)
2017 – Clyde Stubblefield , American drummer (b. 1943)
2019 – Alessandro Mendini , Italian designer and architect (b.1931) [32] Holidays and observances
References
^ Jaroslav Folda; Professor Jaroslav Folda (5 September 2005). Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre . Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-521-83583-1 .
^ Hector H. Munro (1900). The Rise of the Russian Empire . Library of Alexandria. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-4656-0198-8 .
^ Weikel, Ann (2004; online edition 2008). "Mary I (1516-1558)" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (subscription or UK public library membership required) . Oxford University Press. doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/18245
^ Bogdan, Henry (2005). La Lorraine des ducs (in French). Perrin. pp. 119-120.
^ Mark Pattison (1875). Isaac Casaubon 1559 - 1614 by Mark Pattison . Longmans. pp. 3 .
^ "Queenie Leonard" . BFI . Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Phyllis Calvert | British actress" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2020 .
^ Neil A. Hamilton (1995). Founders of Modern Nations: A Biographical Dictionary . ABC-CLIO. p. 119 . ISBN 978-0-87436-750-8 .
^ Punch . January 1986. p. 74.
^ "George Kennedy" . www.bafta.org . 13 January 2017. Retrieved 2020 .
^ Michael Leifer; Professor of International Relations Michael Leifer (11 September 2002). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia . Routledge. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-134-95239-7 .
^ Monée Fields-White (August 6, 2019). "Nobel Prize Winner Toni Morrison, One Of America's Greatest Writers, Has Died At 88" . The Root.com . Retrieved 2019 .
^ "Obituary - John Ryden" . tottenhamhotspur.com . Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Oscar-winning director Forman dies at 86" . Archived from the original on 2018-04-14. Retrieved .
^ Jean Yoon; Y?ko Ono (2002). The Yoko Ono Project . Broken Jaw Press. pp. 41 . ISBN 978-1-55391-001-5 .
^ "Bobby Robson" . soccerbase.com . Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Dave Dunmore Turns 80!" . leytonorient.com . Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Nana Amba Eyiaba I" . Council of Women Traditional Leaders . Archived from the original on September 8, 2014. Retrieved 2019 .
^ "Paul Anthony (George) Rendall" . ESPN scrum . Retrieved 2020 .
^ See, Lisa. "VIAF record" . Virtual International Authority File . Retrieved 2018 .
^ "Marita Koch - Zu schnell, um wahr zu sein?" . www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 2020 .
^ Richard Dale; Colin Cameron (August 1994). The contenders . Boxtree. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7522-0948-7 .
^ "Radek Cerny" . soccerbase.com . Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Chanda Rubin" . WTA . Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 2019 .
^ "Jermaine Jenas" . soccerbase.com . Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Jos van Emden - Player Profile - Cycling" . Eurosport UK . Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Gregory Vargas International Stats" . Basketball-Reference.com .
^ "Takarafuji Daisuke profile" . sumo.or.jp . Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Jake Trbojevic" . National Rugby League . Retrieved 2020 .
^ "When are the birthdays of the seven BTS members?" . Metro . 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 2020 .
^ Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (2007). Vaudeville, Old & New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America, Volume 1 . Routledge. pp. 1149-1150. ISBN 9780415938532 .
^ "Alessandro Mendini, Designer Known for Splash, Is Dead at 87" . The New York Times . 2019-03-24. Archived from the original on 2019-03-24. Retrieved .
External links