February 25
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February 25
February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 309 days remain until the end of the year (310 in leap years).
Events
Friedrich Spee, born 25 February 1591
Albrecht von Wallenstein, died 25 February 1634
Sir Christopher Wren, died 25 February 1723
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, born 25 February 1841
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Enrico Caruso, born 25 February 1873
Portrait of Paul Reuter, died 25 February 1899
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Launch of the USS Ranger, 25 February 1933
Tom Courtenay, born 25 February 1937
Three Anderson shelters remain intact following an air raid on Norwich. The first shelter was built on 25 February 1939.
George Harrison, born 25 February 1943
Don Quarrie, born 25 February 1951
Ed Balls, born 25 February 1967
Tennessee Williams, died 25 February 1983
Don Bradman, died 25 February 2001
- 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.[1]
- 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.[2]
- 1336 – Four thousand defenders of Pilenai commit mass suicide rather than be taken captive by the Teutonic Knights.[3]
- 1836 – Samuel Colt is granted a United States patent for his revolver firearm.[4]
- 1843 – Lord George Paulet occupies the Kingdom of Hawaii in the name of Great Britain in the Paulet Affair (1843).[5]
- 1870 – Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in Congress.[6]
- 1875 – Guangxu Emperor of Qing dynasty China begins his reign, under Empress Dowager Cixi's regency.[7]
- 1912 – Marie-Adélaïde, the eldest of six daughters of Guillaume IV, becomes the first reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.[8]
- 1916 – In the Battle of Verdun, a German unit captures Fort Douaumont, keystone of the French defences, without a fight.[9]
- 1918 – German forces capture Tallinn to virtually complete the occupation of Estonia.[10]
- 1921 – Georgian capital Tbilisi falls to the invading Russian forces after heavy fighting and the Russians declare the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.[11]
- 1932 – Hitler, having been stateless for seven years, obtains German citizenship when he is appointed a Brunswick state official by Dietrich Klagges, a fellow Nazi. As a result, Hitler is able to run for Reichspräsident in the 1932 election.[12]
- 1933 – Launch of the USS Ranger at Newport News, Virginia. It is the first purpose-built aircraft carrier to be commissioned by the US Navy.[13]
- 1939 – As part of British air raid precautions, the first of 2.5 million Anderson shelters is constructed in a garden in Islington, north London.[14]
- 1941 – The outlawed Communist Party of the Netherlands organises a general strike in German-occupied Amsterdam to protest against Nazi persecution of Dutch Jews.[15]
- 1947 – The formal abolition of Prussia is proclaimed by the Allied Control Council, the Prussian government having already been abolished by the Preußenschlag of 1932.[16]
- 1948 – In a coup d'état led by Klement Gottwald, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia takes control of government in Prague to end the Third Czechoslovak Republic.[17]
- 1951 – The first Pan American Games are officially opened in Buenos Aires by Argentine President Juan Perón.[18]
- 1956 – In his speech On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union, denounces Stalin.[19]
- 1980 – The government of Suriname is overthrown by a military coup led by Dési Bouterse.[20]
- 1986 – People Power Revolution: President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos flees the nation after 20 years of rule; Corazon Aquino becomes the Philippines' first woman president.[21]
- 1991 – Disbandment of the Warsaw Pact at a meeting of its members in Budapest.[22]
Births
pre-19th century
- 1259 – Infanta Branca of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and Urraca of Castile (d. 1321)[23]
- 1337 – Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1383)[24]
- 1475 – Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the House of York (d. 1499)[25]
- 1540 – Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, English aristocrat and courtier (d. 1614)[26]
- 1543 – Sharaf Khan Bidlisi, Emir of Bitlis (d. 1603)[27]
- 1591 – Friedrich Spee, German poet and author (d. 1635)[28]
- 1643 – Ahmed II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1695)[29]
- 1663 – Peter Anthony Motteux, French-English author, playwright and translator (d. 1718)[30]
- 1670 – Maria Margarethe Kirch, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1720)[31]
- 1682 – Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist and pathologist (d. 1771)[32]
- 1707 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright and composer (d. 1793)[33]
- 1714 – René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, French lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of France (d. 1792)[34]
- 1728 – John Wood, the Younger, English architect, designed the Royal Crescent (d. 1782)[35]
- 1752 – John Graves Simcoe, English-Canadian general and politician, 1st Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada (d. 1806)[36]
- 1755 – François René Mallarmé, French lawyer and politician (d. 1835)[37]
- 1778 – José de San Martín, Argentinian general and politician, 1st President of Peru (d. 1850)[38]
19th century
- 1806 – Emma Catherine Embury, American author and poet (d. 1863)[39]
- 1809 – John Hart, English-Australian politician, 10th Premier of South Australia (d. 1873)[40]
- 1812 – Carl Christian Hall, Danish lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1888)[41]
- 1816 – Giovanni Morelli, Italian historian and critic (d. 1891)[42]
- 1833 – John St. John, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Kansas (d. 1916)[43]
- 1841 – Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter and sculptor (d. 1919)[44]
- 1842 – Karl May, German author, poet, and playwright (d. 1912)[45]
- 1845 – George Reid, Scottish-Australian lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1918)[46]
- 1855 – Cesário Verde, Portuguese poet and author (d. 1886)[47]
- 1856 – Karl Gotthard Lamprecht, German historian and academic (d. 1915)[48]
- 1856 – Mathias Zdarsky, Czech-Austrian skier, painter, and sculptor (d. 1940)[49]
- 1857 – Robert Bond, Canadian politician; first Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d. 1927)[50]
- 1860 – William Ashley, English historian and academic (d. 1927)[51]
- 1865 – Andranik, Armenian general (d. 1927)[52]
- 1866 – Benedetto Croce, Italian philosopher and politician (d. 1952)[53]
- 1869 – Phoebus Levene, Russian-American biochemist and physician (d. 1940)[54]
- 1873 – Enrico Caruso, Italian-American tenor; the most popular operatic tenor of the early 20th century and the first great recording star. (d. 1921)[55]
- 1877 – Erich von Hornbostel, Austrian musicologist and scholar (d. 1935)[56]
- 1881 – William Z. Foster, American union leader and politician (d. 1961)[57]
- 1881 – Alexei Rykov, Russian politician, Premier of Russia (d. 1938)[58]
- 1883 – Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (d. 1981)[59]
- 1885 – Princess Alice of Battenberg, mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (d. 1969)[60]
- 1888 – John Foster Dulles, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 52nd United States Secretary of State (d. 1959)[61]
- 1890 – Myra Hess, English pianist and educator (d. 1965)[62]
- 1894 – Meher Baba, Indian spiritual master (d. 1969)[63]
- 1898 – William Astbury, physicist and molecular biologist (d. 1961)[64]
1901-1925
- 1901 – Vince Gair, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Queensland (d. 1980)[65]
- 1901 – Zeppo Marx, American comedian (the youngest of the Marx Brothers) and theatrical agent (d. 1979)[66]
- 1903 – King Clancy, Canadian ice hockey player, referee, and coach; rated one of the 100 greatest NHL players (d. 1986)[67]
- 1905 – Perry Miller, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1963)[68]
- 1906 – Mary Coyle Chase, American journalist and playwright; author of Harvey (d. 1981)[69]
- 1907 – Sabahattin Ali, Turkish journalist, author, and poet (d. 1948)[70]
- 1908 – Mary Locke Petermann, cellular biochemist (d. 1975)[71][72]
- 1908 – Frank G. Slaughter, American physician and author (d. 2001)[73]
- 1910 – Millicent Fenwick, American journalist and politician (d. 1992)[74]
- 1913 – Jim Backus, American actor and screenwriter; the voice of Mr. Magoo (d. 1989)[75]
- 1913 – Gert Fröbe, German actor; title role in Goldfinger (d. 1988)[76]
- 1915 – S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006)[77]
- 1917 – Anthony Burgess, English author, playwright, and critic (d. 1993)[78]
- 1918 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player; winner of three major titles, 1939-1941 (d. 1995)[79]
- 1919 – Monte Irvin, American baseball player and executive (d. 2016)[80]
- 1920 – Philip Habib, American academic and diplomat, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (d. 1992)[81]
- 1921 – Pierre Laporte, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, Deputy Premier of Quebec (d. 1970)[82]
- 1921 – Andy Pafko, American baseball player and manager (d. 2013)[83]
- 1922 – Molly Reilly, Canadian aviator (d. 1980)[84][85]
- 1924 – Hugh Huxley, English-American biologist and academic (d. 2013)[86]
- 1925 – Shehu Shagari, former President of Nigeria (d. 2019)[87]
- 1925 – Lisa Kirk, American actress and singer (d. 1990)[88]
1926-1950
- 1926 – Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda, Japanese-Turkish mathematician and academic; developed algebraic number theory (d. 2003)[89]
- 1927 – Ralph Stanley, American bluegrass singer and banjo player; member of International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame (d. 2016)[90]
- 1928 – Paul Elvstrøm, Danish yachtsman; winner of four Olympic gold medals, 1948-1960 (d. 2016)[91]
- 1928 – A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., prominent African-American civil rights advocate, author, and federal court judge (d. 1998)[92]
- 1928 – Larry Gelbart, American author and screenwriter; creator and producer of M*A*S*H TV series (d. 2009)[93]
- 1928 – Richard G. Stern, American author and academic (d. 2013)[94]
- 1932 – Tony Brooks, English racing driver; six Formula One victories, second in 1959 World Championship[95]
- 1932 – Faron Young, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist; member of Country Music Hall of Fame (d. 1996)[96]
- 1934 – Tony Lema, American golfer; winner of the 1964 Open Championship (d. 1966)[97]
- 1935 – Oktay Sinanoglu, Turkish physical chemist and molecular biophysicist; two-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2015)[98]
- 1937 – Tom Courtenay, award-winning English actor[99]
- 1937 – Bob Schieffer, American political author, journalist and TV interviewer[100]
- 1938 – Herb Elliott, Australian 1500 metres runner; 1960 Olympic champion and world record holder[101]
- 1938 – Farokh Engineer, Indian international cricketer; successful as batsman and wicketkeeper[102]
- 1940 – Ron Santo, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2010)[103]
- 1941 – David Puttnam, English film producer and academic[104]
- 1943 – George Harrison, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and film producer; lead guitarist of The Beatles (d. 2001)[105]
- 1944 – François Cevert, French racing driver (d. 1973)[106]
- 1946 – Jean Todt, French racing driver and team manager; FIA President, 2009-2021[107]
- 1947 – Lee Evans, American sprinter and athletics coach; two gold medals and world 400m record at 1968 Olympics[108]
- 1949 – Amin Maalouf, Lebanese-French journalist and author[109]
- 1950 – Francisco Fernández Ochoa, Spanish skier; 1972 Olympic slalom champion (d. 2006)[110]
- 1950 – Neil Jordan, Irish film director, screenwriter and author[111]
- 1950 – Néstor Kirchner, Argentinian politician; 51st President of Argentina, 2003-2007 (d. 2010)[112]
1951-2000
- 1951 – Don Quarrie, Jamaican sprinter and coach; four Olympic medals and two world records[113]
- 1952 – Joey Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcycle road racing champion; holds record for most wins (26) at the Isle of Man TT (d. 2000)[114]
- 1953 – José María Aznar, Spanish politician; Prime Minister of Spain, 1996-2004[115]
- 1957 – Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Singapore politician; 5th Senior Minister of Singapore[116]
- 1958 – Kurt Rambis, American basketball player and coach; four-time NBA Finals champion[117]
- 1962 – Birgit Fischer, German kayaker; winner of eight Olympic gold medals[118]
- 1963 – Paul O'Neill, American baseball player and sportscaster; five-time World Series champion[119]
- 1967 – Ed Balls, British politician; Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer[120]
- 1968 – Oumou Sangaré, Grammy Award-winning Malian Wassoulou musician[121]
- 1971 – Sean Astin, American actor, director and producer[122]
- 1974 – Dominic Raab, British politician; First Secretary of State and Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs[123]
- 1981 – Park Ji-sung, South Korean footballer; the most successful Asian player with 19 career trophies[124]
- 1982 – Flavia Pennetta, Italian tennis player; winner of the 2015 US Open[125]
- 1988 – Tom Marshall, British photo colouriser and artist[126]
- 1992 – Jorge Soler, Cuban baseball player [127]
- 1999 – Gianluigi Donnarumma, Italian international footballer; youngest goalkeeper to play for Italy[128]
Deaths
pre-19th century
- 806 – Tarasios, patriarch of Constantinople[129]
- 891 – Fujiwara no Mototsune, Japanese regent (b. 836)[130]
- 1522 – William Lily, English scholar and educator (b. 1468)[131]
- 1536 – Berchtold Haller, German-Swiss theologian and reformer (b. 1492)[132][133]
- 1547 – Vittoria Colonna, marchioness of Pescara (b. 1490)[134]
- 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1566)[135]
- 1634 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general and politician (b. 1583)[136]
- 1655 – Daniël Heinsius, Flemish poet and scholar (b. 1580)[137]
- 1682 – Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (b. 1639)[138]
- 1710 – Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, French soldier and explorer (b. 1639)[139]
- 1713 – Frederick I of Prussia (b. 1657)[140]
- 1723 – Christopher Wren, English architect, designed St Paul's Cathedral (b. 1632)[141]
- 1756 – Eliza Haywood, English actress and poet (b. 1693)[142]
- 1796 – Samuel Seabury, American bishop (b. 1729)[143]
19th century
- 1805 – Thomas Pownall, English politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1722)[144]
- 1819 – Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, Portuguese-French poet and educator (b. 1734)[145]
- 1822 – William Pinkney, American politician and diplomat, 7th United States Attorney General (b. 1764)[146]
- 1841 – Philip Pendleton Barbour, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 12th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1783)[147]
- 1850 – Daoguang Emperor of China (b. 1782)[148]
- 1852 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet and lyricist (b. 1779)[149]
- 1865 – Otto Ludwig, German author, playwright, and critic (b. 1813)[150]
- 1870 – Henrik Hertz, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1797)[151]
- 1877 – Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepalese ruler (b. 1816)[152]
- 1878 – Townsend Harris, American merchant, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Japan (b. 1804)[153]
- 1899 – Paul Reuter, German-English journalist and businessman, founded Reuters (b. 1816)[154]
1901-1950
- 1906 – Anton Arensky, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1861)[155]
- 1910 – Worthington Whittredge, American painter and educator (b. 1820)[156]
- 1911 – Friedrich Spielhagen, German author, theorist, and translator (b. 1829)[157]
- 1912 – William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1852)[158]
- 1914 – John Tenniel, English illustrator (b. 1820)[159]
- 1915 – Charles Edwin Bessey, American botanist, author, and academic (b. 1845)[160]
- 1920 – Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy, French archaeologist and engineer (b. 1844)[161]
- 1928 – William O'Brien, Irish journalist and politician (b. 1852)[162]
- 1934 – Elizabeth Gertrude Britton, American botanist and academic (b. 1857)[163]
- 1934 – John McGraw, American baseball player and manager (b. 1873)[164]
- 1945 – Mário de Andrade, Brazilian author, poet, and photographer (b. 1893)[165]
- 1950 – George Minot, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885)[166]
1951-2000
- 1953 – Sergei Winogradsky, Ukrainian-Russian microbiologist and ecologist (b. 1856)[167]
- 1957 – Mark Aldanov, Russian author and critic (b. 1888)[168]
- 1957 – Bugs Moran, American mob boss (b. 1893)[169]
- 1963 – Melville J. Herskovits, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1895)[170]
- 1964 – Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian sculptor and illustrator (b. 1887)[171]
- 1964 – Grace Metalious, American author (b. 1924)[172]
- 1970 – Mark Rothko, Latvian-American painter and academic (b. 1903)[173]
- 1971 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1884)[174]
- 1972 – Gottfried Fuchs, German-Canadian Olympic soccer player (b. 1889)[175]
- 1975 – Elijah Muhammad, American religious leader (b. 1897)[176]
- 1978 – Daniel James, Jr., American general and pilot (b. 1920)[177]
- 1980 – Robert Hayden, American poet and academic (b. 1913)[178]
- 1983 – Tennessee Williams, American playwright, and poet (b. 1911)[179]
- 1996 – Haing S. Ngor, Cambodian-American physician and author (b. 1940)[180]
- 1997 – Andrei Sinyavsky, Russian journalist and publisher (b. 1925)[181]
- 1998 – W. O. Mitchell, Canadian author and playwright (b. 1914)[182]
- 1999 – Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)[183]
21st century
- 2001 – A. R. Ammons, American poet and critic (b. 1926)[184]
- 2001 – Don Bradman, Australian international cricketer; holder of world record batting average (b. 1908)[185][186]
- 2005 – Peter Benenson, English lawyer, founded Amnesty International (b. 1921)[187]
- 2008 – Hans Raj Khanna, Indian judge and advocate; upholder of civil liberties (b. 1912)[188]
- 2010 – Ihsan Dogramaci, Turkish pediatrician and academic (b. 1915)[189]
- 2012 – Louisiana Red, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1932)[190]
- 2015 – Harve Bennett, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1930)[191]
- 2015 – Eugenie Clark, American biologist and academic; noted ichthyologist (b. 1922)[192]
- 2020 – Dmitry Yazov, last Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1924)[193]
Holidays and observances
St Walpurga's feast day is 25 February.
Christian feast days
- Æthelberht of Kent[194][195]
- Blessed Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás[196]
- Gerland of Agrigento[197]
- John Roberts, writer and missionary[198]
- Blessed Maria Adeodata Pisani[199]
- Saint Walpurga (she was canonised on 1 May c. 870 and Walpurgis Night is celebrated 30 April)[200]
Others
- Kitano Baika-sai or "Plum Blossom Festival" (Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine, Kyoto, Japan)[201]
- Memorial Day for the Victims of the Communist Dictatorships (Hungary)[202]
- National Day (Kuwait)[203]
- People Power Day (Philippines)[204]
- Revolution Day in Suriname[205]
- Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia)[206]
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External links
- "Historical Events on February 25". OnThisDay.com.
- "Today in Canadian History". Canada Channel.
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