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	Grand Slam tournaments; ATP ATP Finals; ATP Masters 1000; ATP 500 series; ATP 250 series; ATP Challenger Tour Finals; ATP Challenger; ; WTA WTA Finals; WTA Premier tournaments; WTA International tournaments; WTA 125s; ; ITF Men's Circuit; ITF Women's Circuit; Wheelchair Tennis Masters; Summer Paralympics; Team tournaments Summer Olympics; Davis Cup; Fed Cup; World Team Cup; Hopman Cup; ;

The Grand Slam tournaments, also referred to as majors, are the four most important annual tennis events. The tournaments offer the most ranking points, prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of field, and greater number of "best of" sets for men, which is 5. The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the Australian Open in mid January, the French Open (also known as Roland Garros) from late May to early June, Wimbledon in June-July, and the US Open in August-September. Each tournament is played over a two-week period. The Australian and United States tournaments are played on hard courts,^[a] the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905. The French Championships was initially not considered a major prior to 1924-25, when all four became designated Grand Slam tournaments. Skipping majors - particularly the Australian Open because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money - was not uncommon prior to 1982.^[1]

Grand Slam tournaments are not operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), instead being operated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).^[2]^[3] However, the ATP and WTA do award ranking points based on a player's performance at a major.^[4]^[5]

The term Grand Slam, without qualification, and also originally, refers to the achievement of winning all four major championships within a single calendar year within one of the five events: men's and women's singles; men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. In doubles, one team may accomplish a Grand Slam playing together or one player may achieve it with different partners.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Winning the four majors in consecutive tournaments, but not in the same year is referred to as a non-calendar year Grand Slam, while winning all four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a career Grand Slam. Winning the gold medal at the Summer Olympic Games in addition to the four majors in one calendar year is known as a "golden Grand Slam" or more commonly the "Golden Slam". Winning the year-end championship (known as ATP Finals for men's singles and doubles disciplines, and WTA Finals for both women's disciplines) in the same period is known as a "Super Slam". Together, all four majors in all three disciplines (singles, doubles, and mixed doubles) are called a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles. To date, no player, male or female, has ever won all twelve events in one calendar year, though a "career boxed set" has been achieved by three female players.

Location of the four major tennis championships

Origin of the term "Grand Slam"

The term slam for winning all of the tricks in the whist family card games (see also whist terms) is attested from early in the 17th century. Grand slam for all of the tricks, in contrast to small slam or little slam for all but one, dates from early in the 19th century.^[9] This use was inherited by contract bridge, a modern development of whist defined in 1925 that became very popular in Britain and America by 1930.

Tennis has a long history of adopting golf custom and Grand slam appears to have entered tennis not directly from card sport but via golf as it was used since 1930, when Bobby Jones won the four major championships, two British and two American tournaments. Although John F. Kieran of The New York Times is widely credited with first applying the term "grand slam" to tennis to describe the winning of all four major tennis tournaments in a calendar year,^[10] sports columnist Alan Gould had used the term in that connection almost two months before Kieran.^[11]

History

The possibility of being the reigning champion of all the current four majors did not exist until 1924-25, when the International Lawn Tennis Federation designated the Australasian, French (before 1925 only open to members of French tennis clubs), British and American championship tournaments as the four majors. Before that time only three events: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (held in Paris and once in Brussels) and the World Covered Court Championships (held in various locations) were considered the premier international tennis events by the ILTF.^[12]Tony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of those earlier majors in one year: 1913. It has been possible to complete a Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925. It was not possible from 1940 to 1945 because of interruptions at Wimbledon, the Australian and French opens due to the Second World War, the years from 1970 to 1985 when there was no Australian tournament in mixed doubles, and 1986 when there was no Australian Open at all.

Phil Dent has pointed out that skipping majors--especially the Australian Open--was not unusual then, before counting major titles became the norm.^[13] Thus, many players had never played the Austral(as)ian amateur or open championships: the Doherty brothers, William Larned, Maurice McLoughlin, Beals Wright, Bill Johnston, Bill Tilden, René Lacoste, Henri Cochet, Bobby Riggs, Jack Kramer, Ted Schroeder, Pancho Gonzales, Budge Patty, Manuel Santana, Jan Kode? and others, while Brookes, Ellsworth Vines, Jaroslav Drobný, Manuel Orantes, Ilie N?stase (at 35 years old) and Björn Borg came just once. Beginning in 1969, when the first Australian Open was held on the Milton Courts at Brisbane, the tournament was open to all players, including professionals, who at that point were prohibited from playing the traditional circuit.^[14] Nevertheless, except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed this championship until 1982, because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money. In 1970, George MacCall's National Tennis League, which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient. The tournament was won by Arthur Ashe.^[15]

In terms of the current four majors, the first to win all four in a single year was Don Budge, who completed the feat in 1938. To date, 17 players have completed a Grand Slam, though only six in the most prestigious singles titles. Of these players, three have won multiple majors: Rod Laver accomplished the feat twice in men's singles; Margaret Court accomplished the feat three times, in two different disciplines - once in women's singles and twice in mixed doubles; and Esther Vergeer completed a grand slam twice in Women's wheelchair doubles.

The four Junior disciplines, boys' and girls' singles and doubles, provide limited opportunities to achieve a Grand Slam. Players are only eligible from age 13 to 18, with 18-year-olds likely to hold a physical advantage. Only Stefan Edberg has completed the Grand Slam in a Junior discipline.

Tournaments

Event	Dates	Venue	Surface	Current champion(s)
Event	Dates	Venue	Surface	Men's Singles	Women's Singles	Men's Doubles	Women's Doubles	Mixed Doubles
Australian Open	mid/late January	Melbourne Park, Melbourne	Hard			Ivan Dodig Filip Polá?ek	Elise Mertens Aryna Sabalenka	Rajeev Ram
French Open	late May/ early June	Stade Roland Garros, Paris	Clay			Andreas Mies	Tímea Babos	Latisha Chan Ivan Dodig
Wimbledon	late June/ early July	All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, London	Grass			Juan Sebastián Cabal Robert Farah		Latisha Chan Ivan Dodig
US Open		USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, New York City	Hard			Mate Pavi? Bruno Soares	Laura Siegemund Vera Zvonareva	Bethanie Mattek-Sands Jamie Murray

Grand Slam tournament champions

Per discipline (all-time)

Per tournament (Open Era only)

Finals (Open Era only)

Grand Slam completion

Chronological

#	Year	Player	Discipline	Notes
1	1938	Don Budge	Men's singles	Part of 6 consecutive titles
2	1951	Ken McGregor Frank Sedgman	Men's doubles	Part of 7 consecutive titles for the team Part of 8 consecutive titles for Sedgman with John Bromwich and Ken McGregor
3	1953	Maureen Connolly	Women's singles	Part of 6 consecutive titles
4	1960	Maria Bueno	Women's doubles	With Christine Truman and Darlene Hard
5	1962	Rod Laver	Men's singles
6	1963	Margaret Court Ken Fletcher	Mixed doubles	Part of 6 consecutive titles for the team Part of 7 consecutive titles for Court with Fred Stolle and Ken Fletcher
7	1965	Margaret Court	Mixed doubles	Part of 5 consecutive titles with John Newcombe, Ken Fletcher and Fred Stolle
8	1967	Owen Davidson	Mixed doubles	Part of 5 consecutive titles with Donna Floyd, Lesley Turner and Billie Jean King
9	1969	Rod Laver	Men's singles	Only player to complete the singles' Grand Slam twice
10	1970	Margaret Court	Women's singles	Part of 6 consecutive titles
11	1983	Stefan Edberg	Boys' singles	Only Junior to complete a Grand Slam
12	1984	Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver	Women's doubles	Part of 8 consecutive titles
13	1988	Steffi Graf	Women's singles	Part of 5 consecutive titles
14	1998	Martina Hingis	Women's doubles	Part of 5 consecutive titles with Mirjana Lu?i?, Jana Novotná and Anna Kournikova
15	2009	Esther Vergeer Korie Homan	Women's wheelchair doubles	Part of 12 consecutive titles for Vergeer with Korie Homan, Jiske Griffioen and Maaike Smit
16	2011	Esther Vergeer Sharon Walraven	Women's wheelchair doubles	Part of 7 consecutive titles for the team Part of 8 consecutive titles for Vergeer with Sharon Walraven and Marjolein Buis
17	2013	Aniek van Koot Jiske Griffioen	Women's wheelchair doubles
18	2014	Stéphane Houdet	Men's wheelchair doubles	With Joachim Gérard and Shingo Kunieda
19	2014	Yui Kamiji Jordanne Whiley	Women's wheelchair doubles	Part of 5 consecutive titles
20	2019	Diede de Groot Aniek van Koot	Women's wheelchair doubles	Part of 7 consecutive titles for de Groot with Aniek van Koot and Yui Kamiji
22	2019	Dylan Alcott	Quad wheelchair doubles	Part of 6 consecutive titles with Heath Davidson, David Wagner and Andrew Lapthorne

Per player

Player	Grand Slams
Player	Singles	Doubles	Mixed	Total
Margaret Court	1		2	3
Rod Laver	2			2
Esther Vergeer (wheelchair tennis)		2
Aniek van Koot (wheelchair tennis)		2
Don Budge	1			1
Ken McGregor		1
Frank Sedgman		1
Maureen Connolly	1
Maria Bueno		1
Ken Fletcher			1
Owen Davidson			1
Stefan Edberg (junior tennis)	1
Martina Navratilova		1
Pam Shriver		1
Steffi Graf	1
Martina Hingis		1
Korie Homan (wheelchair tennis)		1
Sharon Walraven (wheelchair tennis)		1
Jiske Griffioen (wheelchair tennis)		1
Stéphane Houdet (wheelchair tennis)		1
Yui Kamiji (wheelchair tennis)		1
Jordanne Whiley (wheelchair tennis)		1
Diede de Groot (wheelchair tennis)		1
Dylan Alcott (wheelchair tennis)		1

Non-calendar year Grand Slam

Controversy over terminology

In 1982, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) began offering a $1 million bonus to any singles player to win four consecutive major titles, no matter the time of completion. Although groups variously identified as the Men's International Professional Tennis Council, "abetted primarily by some British tennis writers",^[16] and "European tennis journalists"^[17] had advocated for the ITF to change the definition of "Grand Slam", ITF General Secretary David Gray made it clear that this was not going to happen. In a 1983 letter to tennis journalist Paul Fein, Gray clarified:

There seems to be some confusion. The ITF's only initiative in this matter has been the organisation of the offer of a bonus of $1m. to any player who holds all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously [...] In spite of all that we have read on this matter, it has never been my Committee of Management's intention to alter the basis of the classic Grand Slam i.e., the capture of all four titles in a year.

The ITF's plan was to offer the cash bonus for three years, apparently to encourage players to compete in all four major tournaments as much as to reward success at them.^[18]

Even before the ITF had announced their bonus, the Grand Slam controversy had taken on a life of its own. Writing in 1982, Neil Amdur claimed, "Now the sport spins nervously under the influence of big dollars and even bigger egos, and tradition has almost gone the way of white balls and long flannels [...] If the four major tournaments want to offer a $1 million incentive for any player in the future who can sweep their titles--and such talks have been rumored--that bonus would be a welcome addition. But changing what the Grand Slam is all about is like a baseball player believing that he 'hit for the cycle' after slugging a single, double and triple in the first game of a doubleheader and a home run in his first time at bat in the second game."^[17] Despite seeming clarity from the ITF, some journalists suggested that the sport's organizing body had turned its back on history and changed the "rules" of tennis by redefining a Grand Slam. Such confusion continued for years. For instance, when Steffi Graf completed the Grand Slam in 1988, George Vecsey wrote, "Even the International Tennis Federation, which should have more respect for history, ruled in 1982 that winning any four straight majors constituted a Grand Slam--and offered a $1 million bonus for it [...] But many tennis people, and most writers, and probably most fans, too, did not accept the new rules, and the I.T.F. has dropped the gimmick."^[19] Vecsey was only half right: the ITF dropped the "gimmick" of the cash bonus, but it had never changed any rules.

However, the ambiguous way the ITF described the Grand Slam in their Constitution led to journalists continuing to make the same assumption as Vecsey over two decades later. For instance, when Rafael Nadal was on the verge of completing a non-calendar year Grand Slam at the 2011 Australian Open, one writer observed, "Most traditionalists insist that the 'Grand Slam' should refer only to winning all four titles in a calendar year, although the constitution of the International Tennis Federation, the sports governing body, spells out that 'players who hold all four of these titles at the same time achieve the Grand Slam'."^[20] This was true until later in 2011, when the ITF edited the description to eliminate all confusion. As it now stands, "The Grand Slam titles are the championships of Australia, France, the United States of America and Wimbledon. Players who hold all four of these titles in one calendar year achieve the 'Grand Slam'."^[21]

When Martina Navratilova won the 1984 French Open and became the reigning champion of all four women's singles events, she was the first player to receive the bonus prize in recognition of her achievement. Some media outlets did, indeed, say that she had won a Grand Slam.^[22] Others simply noted the ongoing controversy: "Whether the Slam was Grand or Bland or a commercial sham tainted with an asterisk the size of a tennis ball, Martina Navratilova finally did it."^[23] Although the ITF recognizes what is now unofficially known as the "non-calendar year Grand Slam" on its Roll of Honour, no subsequent player to win four or more majors in a row--Steffi Graf, Serena Williams, or Novak Djokovic--has received bonus prize money.

Combining the Grand Slam and non-calendar year Grand Slam, the total number of times that players achieved the feat (of being the reigning champion in all four majors) expands to 18.

Achievements and near misses

Three women have won four or more consecutive major titles since 1970, with Navratilova taking six in a row in 1983-1984. On the men's side, Novak Djokovic was the first singles player since Rod Laver to hold all four major titles at once, which he accomplished between Wimbledon 2015 and the 2016 French Open. Prior to the Open Era, Don Budge received the same accolades in winning the French Championships in 1938, but then completed the more prestigious Grand Slam at the 1938 US Championships, giving him six majors in a row, the only male to ever win more than four consecutive major tournaments. The Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) were the last to achieve a non-calendar year Grand Slam in men's doubles.

Several players and teams came up one title short. Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, known collectively as The Woodies, reached the final of the 1997 French Open while holding all the other three titles, but lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek.

In singles, Pete Sampras lost the 1994 French Open quarterfinal to fellow countryman Jim Courier, having won the previous three majors. Roger Federer in 2006 and 2007, and Novak Djokovic in 2012 repeated this, both ultimately losing the French Open final to Rafael Nadal. In 2019 Novak Djokovic repeated this one more time, but lost in semifinal to Dominic Thiem. Nadal himself was prevented from achieving this feat by his countryman David Ferrer, who defeated him in the quarterfinal of the 2011 Australian Open, which Nadal entered holding the other three major titles.

In women's singles, Monica Seles lost the 1992 Wimbledon final to Steffi Graf, having won the previous three majors. Martina Hingis had a chance to achieve the feat in the 1998, but lost to Seles in the French Open semifinal.

In women's doubles, Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez had won three majors from US Open 2003 to the 2004 French Open, lost at the semifinals to Cara Black and Rennae Stubbs in the 2004 Wimbledon, and Sania Mirza together with Hingis had won from Wimbledon 2015 to the 2016 Australian Open, but lost in the third round of the 2016 French Open to Barbora Krej?íková and Kate?ina Siniaková. In 2017, Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Lucie ?afá?ová had the chance to win four consecutive titles at Wimbledon, but withdrew from their scheduled second round match following an acute knee injury suffered by Mattek-Sands in the second round of the Ladies' Singles competition.

The following list is for those players who achieved a non-calendar Grand Slam by winning four or more consecutive titles, but who failed to win the Grand Slam during the same streak.

Men's singles

titles	Player	Years	From	To
4	Novak Djokovic	2015-16	2015 Wimbledon	2016 French Open

Women's singles

titles	Player	Years	From	To
6	Martina Navratilova	1983-84	1983 Wimbledon	1984 US Open
4	Steffi Graf	1993-94	1993 French Open	1994 Australian Open
	Serena Williams	2002-03	2002 French Open	2003 Australian Open
	Serena Williams	2014-15	2014 US Open	2015 Wimbledon

Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last major of the calendar year.

Men's doubles

titles	Player	Years	From	To
4	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	2012-13	2012 US Open	2013 Wimbledon

Women's doubles

titles	Player	Years	From	To	Notes
6	Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva	1992-93	1992 French Open	1993 Wimbledon
5	Martina Navratilova	1986-87	1986 French Open	1987 French Open	1 with Andrea Temesvári and 4 with Pam Shriver
4	Louise Brough	1949-50	1949 French Championships	1950 Australian Championships	3 with Margaret Osborne duPont and 1 with Doris Hart
	Pam Shriver	1986-87	1986 Wimbledon	1987 French Open	4 with Martina Navratilova
	Natasha Zvereva	1996-97	1996 US Open	1997 Wimbledon	3 with Gigi Fernández and 1 with Martina Hingis
	Serena Williams Venus Williams	2009-10	2009 Wimbledon	2010 French Open

Mixed doubles

titles	Player	Years	From	To	Notes
4	Billie Jean King	1967-68	1967 French Championships	1968 Australian Championships	3 with Owen Davidson and 1 with Dick Crealy

Women's wheelchair singles

titles	Player	Years	From	To
4	Diede de Groot	2018-19	2018 Wimbledon	2019 French Open

Quad wheelchair singles

titles	Player	Years	From	To	Notes
5	Dylan Alcott	2018-19	2018 Australian Open	2019 Wimbledon	In 2018 there were no Quad singles' draws at both the French Open and Wimbledon

Men's wheelchair doubles

titles	Player	Years	From	To	Notes
5	Stéphane Houdet	2009-10	2009 French Open	2010 French Open	2 with Michaël Jeremiasz, 2 with Shingo Kunieda and 1 with Stefan Olsson
4	Shingo Kunieda	2014-15	2014 Wimbledon	2015 French Open	3 with Stéphane Houdet and 1 with Gordon Reid

Career Grand Slam

The career achievement of all four major championships in one discipline is termed a Career Grand Slam in that format. Dozens of players have accomplished that (column two) and 17 have doubled it: won a second championship in each of the four majors in one format (column three). Two or more career championships in all four majors is sometimes called a "Multiple Slam Set". Three players have Multiple Slam Sets in two formats, one in three formats, so 22 players are counted in the table (column three). Their achievements are tabulated below.

Career Grand Slams by displine
Discipline	Numbers of players
Discipline	Completed Career GS	Completed at least 2
Men's singles	8 (2 Golden, 1 Super)	2
Women's singles	10 (2 Golden, 2 Super)	5
Men's doubles	24 (16 as teams)	5 (2 as a team)
Women's doubles	21 (12 as teams)	8 (6 as teams)
Mixed doubles	17 (7 as teams)	4 (2 as teams)

Eight men and ten women have won Career Grand Slams in singles play (rows one and two); among them two men and five women have at least two Career Grand Slams in singles (column three). Since the beginning of the open era, five men (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic) and six women (Margaret Court, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova) have achieved this.

Several singles players have won three major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam, grouped by the missing Grand Slam tournament:

Australian Open: René Lacoste, Henri Cochet, Helen Wills, Althea Gibson, Tony Trabert, Margaret Osborne duPont and Manuel Santana
French Open: Frank Sedgman, Ashley Cooper, Louise Brough Clapp, Virginia Wade, Arthur Ashe, Pete Sampras, John Newcombe, Jimmy Connors, Boris Becker, Stefan Edberg, Martina Hingis, Lindsay Davenport and Angelique Kerber
Wimbledon: Ken Rosewall, Hana Mandlíková, Ivan Lendl, Monica Seles, Guillermo Vilas, Mats Wilander, Justine Henin and Stan Wawrinka
US Open: Jean Borotra, Jack Crawford, Lew Hoad, Angela Mortimer and Evonne Goolagong Cawley

Several doubles players have won three major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam, grouped by the missing Grand Slam tournament:

Australian Open: John Van Ryn, Helen Wills, Elizabeth Ryan, Margaret Osborne duPont, Darlene Hard, Billie Jean King, Betty Stöve, Robert Seguso, Mahesh Bhupathi, Lindsay Davenport, Ai Sugiyama, Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina.
French Open: John Bromwich, Nancy Richey, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Cara Black and Sania Mirza
Wimbledon: Vic Seixas, Ashley Cooper, Virginia Wade, Virginia Ruano Pascual, Paola Suárez, Bethanie Mattek-Sands, Lucie ?afá?ová and Samantha Stosur
US Open: Jean Borotra, Jacques Brugnon, Jack Crawford, Althea Gibson and Rod Laver

Only six players have completed a Career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles: one male (Roy Emerson) and five female (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova, and Serena Williams). Court, Hart and Navratilova are the only three players to have completed a "Career Boxed Set", winning all four titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles; this has never been done by a male player.

The remainder of this section is a complete list, by format, of all players who have won the Career Grand Slam. Players are ordered chronologically by their completion of the Career Grand Slam. The major tournament at which the Career Grand Slam was achieved is indicated in bold.