List of Kings of Macedon
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List of Kings of Macedon
This is a list of the Ancient Macedonians
Mythology
Kings
Argead Dynasty
- Perdiccas I 700-678 BC
- Argaeus I 678-640 BC
- Philip I 640-602 BC
- Aeropus I 602-576 BC
- Alcetas I 576-547 BC
- Amyntas I 547-498 BC
- Alexander I 498-454 BC
- Alcetas II 454-448 BC
- Perdiccas II 448-413 BC
- Archelaus 413-399 BC
- Craterus 399 BC
- Orestes and Aeropus IIB? 399-396 BC
- Archelaus II 396-393 BC
- Amyntas II 393 BC
- Pausanias 393 BC
- Amyntas III 393 BC
- Argaeus II 393-392 BC
- Amyntas III 392-370 BC
- Alexander II 370-368 BC
- Perdiccas III 368-359 BC
- Ptolemy of Aloros , Regent of Macedon 368-365 BC
- Amyntas IV 359-356 BC
- Philip II 359-336 BC
- Alexander III, the Great 336-323 BC
- Antipater , Regent of Macedon 334-323 BC
- Philip III Arrhidaeus 323-317 BC and Alexander IV 323-310 BC[1]
- Perdiccas , Regent of the Macedon Empire 323-321 BC[2]
- Antipater , Regent of the Macedon Empire 321-319 BC
- Polyperchon , Regent of the Macedon Empire 319-317 BC
- Cassander, Regent of Macedon 317-305 BC
Antipatrid Dynasty
- Cassander 305-297 BC
- Philip IV 297 BC
- Alexander V ?' and Antipater II ? ?' 297-294 BC
Antigonid Dynasty
- Demetrius I Poliorcetes 306-286 BC[3]
Non-Dynastic Kings
- Lysimachus 286-281 BC and Pyrrhus of Epirus 286-285 BC
- Ptolemy Keraunos 281-279 BC
- Meleager 279 BC
Antipatrid Dynasty
- Antipater Etesias 279 BC
- Sosthenes 279-276 BC
Antigonid Dynasty
- Antigonus II Gonatas 276-274 BC[4]
Non-Dynastic Kings
- Pyrrhus of Epirus 274-272 BC
Antigonid Dynasty
| King | Reign (BC) | Consort(s) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antigonus II Gonatas (Macedon) | 276-239 BC | Phila | Son of Demetrius Poliorcetes and Phila, grandson of Antigonus I Monophthalmus. His wife, Phila, was the daughter of his sister, Stratonice. Only one known legitimate child, Demetrius II Aetolicus. |
| Demetrius II Aetolicus (Macedon) | 239-229 BC | Stratonice of Macedon Phthia of Epirus Nicaea of Corinth Chryseis |
Son of Antigonus II and Phila. Stratonice of Macedon was a daughter of Antiochus I Soter and Stratonice. Phthia of Epirus was a daughter of Alexander II of Epirus and Olympias II of Epirus. Nicaea of Corinth was the widow of Demetrius' cousin, Alexander of Corinth. Chryseis was a former captive of Demetrius.[5] Only known son, Philip by Chryseis, also had a daughter by Stratonice of Macedon, Apama III. |
| Antigonus III Doson (Macedon) | 229-221 BC | Chryseis | Son of Demetrius the Fair and Olympias of Larissa. Children unknown. |
 Philip V (Macedon) |
221-179 BC | Polycratia of Argos | Son of Demetrius II and Chryseis.[5] At least four children: Perseus of Macedon, Apame, Demetrius and Philippus. |
 Perseus (Macedon) |
179-168 BC (died 166 BC) |
Laodice V | The last king of Macedon. Laodice V was a daughter of the Seleucid king, Seleucus IV Philopator. At least two sons, Philip and Alexander. |
Non-Dynastic Kings
The Macedonian rebel against Rome and last King of Macedonia, Andriscus,(or Pseudo-Philip VI) 150-148 BC, claimed to be the son of Perseus.
- Pseudo-Alexander, 148 BC
- Pseudo-Philip VII or Pseudo-Perseus, 143/142 BC
Military personnel
High generals
- Parmenion - Strategos of Philip and Alexander and commander of pharsalian squadron
- Attalus strategos of Philip and early taxiarch of Alexander
- Hephaestion - Chiliarch (after 327 BC)
- Perdiccas - Chiliarch (after 324 BC)
- Seleucus I Nicator - Chiliarch (after 323 BC)
Somatophylakes
- Aristonous of Pella
- Arybbas (somatophylax)
- Balacrus
- Demetrius (somatophylax)
- Hephaestion
- Leonnatus
- Lysimachus
- Menes of Pella
- Pausanias of Orestis Philip's
- Peithon
- Peucestas
- Ptolemy (somatophylax)
- Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)
- Ptolemy I Soter
Cavalry
Hipparchoi
- Philotas (after 330 BC, Cleitus the Black, Coenus, Hephaestion, Craterus, Perdiccas, Cleitus the White) leaders of Hetairoi (1800 horses)
- Cleitus the Black, Royal cavalry
- Sopolis, cavalry of Amphipolis
- Heraclides (son of Antiochus), cavalry of Bottiaea
- Peroidas cavalry of Anthemus
- Socrates cavalry of Apollonia
- Pantordanus cavalry of Leugaea
- Hegelochus, (later Amyntas (son of Arrhabaeus), Protomachus, Aretes), Prodromoi, light cavalry (600 horses)
- Calas, Alexander of Lyncestis, Philip, Polydamas, Parmenion-Thessalian cavalry (1800 horses)
- Philip (son of Menelaus) (after 331 BC, Erigyius), other allied Greeks (600 horses)
- Agathon (son of Tyrimmas), (later Ariston of Paionia) Thracian cavalry (900 horses) *Total: 5700 horses in 333 BC
- Demetrius (son of Althaemenes), Glaucias, Meleager, mentioned in the Battle of Gaugamela
Infantry
Taxiarchs of Pezhetairoi
- Nicanor (son of Parmenion) 334 BC leader of Royal Agema and Hypaspists (succeeded by Neoptolemus (general))
- Alcetas
- Amyntas 334 BC
- Antigenes
- Antigonus I Monophthalmus 334 BC
- Attalus (general) 334 BC
- Attalus (son of Andromenes from Stympha)
- Clitus the White
- Coenus 334 BC
- Craterus 334 BC
- Gorgias
- Meleager (general) 334 BC
- Menander (general) 334 BC
- Peithon, son of Agenor
- Perdiccas 334 BC
- Philip (son of Amyntas) 334 BC
- Philotas (satrap)
- Polyperchon
- Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)
- Ptolemy I Soter 334 BC
- Simmias
Trierarchs of Nearchus
- Archon of Pella
- Archias of Pella
- Aristonous of Pella
- Asclepiodorus
- Craterus
- Demonicus of Pella
- Hephaestion
- Leonnatus
- Lysimachus
- Metron
- Mylleas
- Nicarchides
- Ophellas
- Pantauchus
- Peithon
- Perdiccas
- Peucestas
- Ptolemy I Soter
- Timanthes of Pella
Various
- Agathon brother of Parmenion
- Arrhidaeus
- Asander
- Caranus hetairos
- Coragus
- Derdas
- Eudemus (general)
- Harpalus
- Iollas
- Lagus
- Menedemus (general)
- Menelaus (son of Lagus)
- Nicanor (Antipatrid general)
- Nicanor (father of Balacrus)
- Nicanor (Ptolemaic general)
- Nicanor the Elephant
- Philip (son of Antigonus)
- Philip (son of Antipater)
- Philip (son of Machatas)
- Philoxenus (general)
- Polemon (general) son of Andromenes
- Ptolemy (general) nephew of Antigonus
- Teutamus
- Tlepolemus (son of Pythophanes)
Civilization
Athletes
- Alexander I of Macedon 504 or 500 BC[6]Stadion 2nd Olympics [7]
- c. 430-420 BC Argive Heraean games[8]
- Archelaos Perdikas 408 BC Tethrippon in Olympic and Pythian Games
- Philip II of Macedon (Thrice Olympic Winner), 356 BC Horse Race, 352 BC Tethrippon, 348 BC two-colt chariot, Synoris
- 344 BC Tethrippon Panathenaics[9]
- Archon of Pella 334-332 BC Horse race Isthmian and Pythian Games
- Antigonus (son of Callas) 332-331 BC Hoplitodromos Heraclean games in Tyrus, after the Conquest of the city
- Malacus ? 329/328 BC Dolichos Amphiarian games[10]
- Criton or Cliton[11] 328 BC Stadion Olympics
- Damasias of Amphipolis 320 BC Stadion Olympics[11]
- Lagus (son of Ptolemeus) 308 BC Synoris Arcadian Lykaia
- Epaenetus (son of Silanus) 308 BC Tethrippon Lykaia
- Heraclitus ? 304 BC stadion Lykaia[12]
- Bubalus of Cassandreia 304 BC keles (horse) flat race Lykaia
- Lampos of Philippi 304 BC Tethrippon Olympics[13]
- Antigonus 292 and 288 BC Stadion Olympics[11]
- Seleucus 268 BC Stadion Olympics[11]
- Belistiche 264 BC Tethrippon and Synoris Olympics
- Apollodorus (runner) (1st century BC) Olympics
Horse race Olympic Victors as recorded in recent discovered epigrams of Posidippus of Pella (c. 3rd century BC)[14]
- Ptolemy I Soter
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus
- Arsinoe I
- Arsinoe II
- Berenice Phernophorus
- Berenice II
- Cleopatra II
- Etearchus
- Molycus ?
- Plangon ? woman
- Trygaios
Writers
- Adaios (c. 450 BC) epigrammatic poet
- Antipater (c. 397 BC-319 BC) Illyrian Wars
- Ptolemy I Soter (367 BC-283 BC) patron of letters, historian of Alexander's campaign
- Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) epistolist, rhetor quotes
- Alexarchus, scholar, conlanger
- Leon of Pella (4th-century BC) historian On the Gods in Egypt
- Marsyas of Pella (356-294) historian
- Marsyas of Philippi (3rd century BC) historian
- Hippolochus (early 3rd century BC) description of a Macedonian wedding feast
- Poseidippus of Cassandreia (c. 288 BC) comic poet
- Poseidippus of Pella (c. 280 BC-240 BC) epigrammatic poet
- Amerias (3rd century BC) lexicographer
- Craterus (historian) (3rd century BC) anthologist, compiler of historical documents relative to the history of Attica
- Oikiades (son of Nikandros) from Cassandreia Tragoedus winner in Soteria (festival) 272 BC[15]
- Ptolemy IV Philopator, wrote a tragedy entitled Adonis, and presumably played the lead.
- Hermagoras of Amphipolis (c. 225 BC), stoic philosopher
- Samus (son of Chrysogonus), (late 3rd century BC)[6]
- Craterus of Amphipolis (c. 100-30 BC) Rhapsode winner in Amphiarian games[16]
- Phaedrus of Pieria (c. 15 BC-c. 50 AD) fabulist
- Antipater of Thessalonica (late 1st century BC) epigrammatic poet and governor of the city
- Philippus of Thessalonica (late 1st century AD) epigrammatic poet and compiler of the Greek Anthology
- Epigonus of Thessalonica
- Perses epigrammatist
- Archias, epigrammatist
- Antiphanes (late 1st century AD), epigrammatist
- Parmenion (late 1st century AD), epigrammatist
- Polyaenus, (2nd century AD) military writer
- Criton of Pieria (2nd century AD) historian
- Stobaeus (5th century AD) anthologist of Greek authors
- Macedonius of Thessalonica (the Consul), (6th century AD), epigrammatist of Greek Anthology
Scientists
- Poseidonius, mechanician[17]
- Pyrrhus mechanician
- Demetrius I Poliorcetes, mechanician
- Archias of Pella, geographer under Nearchus
- Parmenion (architect)
- Patrocles (geographer)
Artists
- Pamphilus (painter), teacher of Apelles (4th century BC)
- Parmeniskos group potters (3rd century BC)
- Aetion of Amphipolis, sculptor
- Erginus (son of Simylus) from Cassandreia citharede winner in Soteria (festival) c. 260 BC[18]
- _ (son of Callistratus) from Philippi Dancer winner in Soteria (festival) c. 250 BC[19]
- Heraclides (painter) (2nd century BC) marine painter
- Herophon (son of Anaxagoras) (2nd-1st centuries BC) sculptor
- Evander of Beroea (1st century AD) sculptor
- Adymus of Beroea (1st century AD) sculptor
Priests
Theorodokoi
- Perdiccas, possibly Perdiccas III of Macedon c. 365-311 BC Epidaurian[20][21]
- Pausanias of Kalindoia, possibly the same as Pausanias the pretender to the Macedonian throne in the 360s BC
- Hadymos and Seleukos son of Argaios[22]
Naopoioi
Naopoios (Temple-builder), an elected Archon by Hieromnemones, responsible for restoring the temple of Apollo in Delphi
- Philippus ?
- Timanoridas (son of Cordypion) ? c. 361-343 BC[23]
- Leon (son of Hegesander) ? ? ? 331 BC[24]
Women
- Arsinoe of Macedonia mother of Ptolemy I Soter
- Belistiche olympionice
- Cleopatra of Macedon sister of Alexander, wife of Alexander I of Epirus
- Cleopatra Eurydice, niece of Attalus (general), and 5th wife of Philip
- Cynane half-sister of Alexander
- Eurydice of Egypt daughter of Antipater and wife of Ptolemy I Soter
- Eurydice II of Macedon mother of Philip
- Euridice III Adea, wife of Philip Arrhidaeus
- Lanike sister of Clitus the Black and the nurse of Alexander
- Nicaea of Macedonia daughter of Antipater, wife of Lysimachus
- Nicesipolis wife of Philip, mother of Thessalonica
- Olympias mother of Alexander
- Phila, daughter of Antipater, wife of Demetrius Poliorcetes and mother of Antigonus II Gonatas
- Philinna of Larissa, wife of Philip, mother of Philip III of Macedon
- Stratonice of Macedonia wife of Demetrius Poliorcetes
- Thessalonica half-sister of Alexander, wife of Cassander
- Olympias II of Epirus, wife of Alexander II of Epirus
See also
References
- ^ As part of the compromise in Babylon after Alexander the Great's death, it was agreed that Philip would be joint king with Roxanne's unborn child, should it prove to be male. Hence Philip was sole king for several months until Alexander IV was born, and Alexander too was sole king from Philip's murder in 317 BC to his own death. Neither had any effective power during this period; Philip was mentally infirm and Alexander was under age.
- ^ Perdiccas (And his immediate Regency successors) did not take the title of Regent, (Epitropos) but instead styled himself 'Manager' (Epimelêtês), however his position was that of Regent in all but name.
- ^ Demetrius was proclaimed King in 306 BC with his father, but his reign in Macedonia only became effective after he ousted the Antipatrids in 294, and his power there ended after he was in turn expelled by Pyrrhus and Lysimachus in 286. His death in 283 is often given as marking the end of his reign.
- ^ Antigonus claimed the kingship upon his father's death in 283, but it was only effective after 276.
- ^ a b Eusebius, Chronicle 1.237-8; Syncellus Chronicle 535.19
- ^ A History of Macedonia. Volume 2 Review: John Cole
- ^ Justin - 7.2.14. (He contended for the prize in various species of exercises at the Olympics)
- ^ Thucydides and Pindar: Historical Narrative and the World of Epinikian Poetry [1] by Simon Hornblower - SEG 30:648
- ^ Aspects of Ancient Macedonian Costume [2]- ? [3], [4] -Epigraphical Database SEG 49:842, SEG 45:801
- ^ Boeotia -- Amphiareion- Epigr. tou Oropou 520.10
- ^ a b c d Chronicon (Eusebius)
- ^ Arkadia -- Lykaion -- IG V,2 550.17
- ^ Pausanias a Guide to Greece [5]
- ^ Posidippus, Epigrams www.chs.harvard.edu
- ^ Phokis -- Delphi Syll.³ 424.42
- ^ Boiotia -- Oropos: Amphiareion -- c. 80-50 BC Epigr. tou Oropou 528.12
- ^ Greek and Roman Siege Machinery 399 Bc-Ad 363 By Duncan B. Campbell
- ^ Phokis -- Delphi FD III 1:477.13
- ^ Phokis -- Delphi BCH 1928:259.26
- ^ Epidauros -- c. 365-311 BC IG IV²,1 94 frg b.col I.1 -9
- ^ Martial, Buch VI: Ein Kommentar by Farouk Grewing
- ^ Macedonian Institutions Under the Kings Page 211 By Miltiad?s V. Chatzopoulos ISBN 960-7094-89-1
- ^ Phokis -- Delphi -- stoichedon -- FD III 5:19.74
- ^ Phokis -- Delphi -- stoichedon -- FD III 5:58.29-30
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