Politics and government of Hong Kong

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Hong Kong has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power by controlling the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive is elected by an indirectly elected Election Committee and is nonpartisan as restricted by the Chief Executive Election Ordinance, but has to rely on political parties in the legislature for support, effectively having a coalition government.

Hong Kong has no legislation for political parties, and thus has no legal definition for what a political party is. Most political parties and political groups registered either as limited companies or societies.

In Hong Kong there are two main political ideological blocs, which presents to pro-democracy camp (include localists) and pro-Beijing camp.

Present parties

The list includes also political groups, trade unions, professional associations and pressure groups in Hong Kong that have been active in elections but are not considered parties.

Parties and groups in the Legislative and District Councils

As of 12 November 2020, there are total number of 44 political groupings represented in the Legislative and District Councils:^[1]

Party		Ideology	Leader		Affiliation	Founded	Representation		2016 vote share
							Legislative Council (2016)	District Councils (2019)
	Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB)	Chinese nationalism, Conservatism		Starry Lee	Pro-Beijing	1992			361,617 (16.7%)
	Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA)	Conservatism, Economic liberalism		Lo Wai-kwok	Pro-Beijing	2012			49,745 (2.3%)
	Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) ?	Chinese nationalism, Conservative socialism		Ng Chau-pei	Pro-Beijing	1948			169,854 (7.8%)
	Liberal Party (LP)	Conservatism, Economic liberalism		Felix Chung	Pro-Beijing	1993			21,500 (1.0%)
	New Territories Association of Societies (NTAS)	Chinese nationalism, Conservatism			Pro-Beijing	1985	(part of DAB)		N/A
	New People's Party (NPP)	Conservatism		Regina Ip	Pro-Beijing	2011			167,589 (7.7%)
	New Territories Heung Yee Kuk (HYK)	Traditional conservatism		Kenneth Lau	Pro-Beijing	1926			N/A
	Civic Passion ?	Localism, Nativism, Populism		Cheng Chung-tai	Localist	2012			122,140 (5.6%)
	Roundtable ?	Conservatism		Michael Tien	Pro-Beijing	2017			N/A
	Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions (FLU)	Conservatism		Lam Chun-sing	Pro-Beijing	1984			N/A
	New Century Forum (NCF)	Conservatism		Ma Fung-kwok	Pro-Beijing	1999			N/A
	Democratic Party (DP)	Social liberalism		Lo Kin-hei		1994			199,876 (9.2%)
	Civic Party (CP)	Constitutionalism, Social liberalism		Vacant	Pro-democracy	2006			207,855 (9.6%)
	Neo Democrats	Liberalism, Localism		Yam Kai-bong, Chow Yuen-wai, Lui Man-kwong	Pro-democracy	2010			31,595 (1.5%)
	Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL)	Liberalism, Social democracy		Sze Tak-loy	Pro-democracy	1986			33,255 (1.5%)
	Community Sha Tin ?	Liberalism		Ting Tsz-yuen		2017			N/A
	Labour Party	Environmentalism, Social democracy		Kwok Wing-kin	Pro-democracy	2011			101,860 (4.7%)
	Team Chu Hoi Dick of New Territories West ?	Liberalism		Eddie Chu	Pro-democracy, Localist	2019			N/A
	Concern Group for Tseung Kwan O People's Livelihood (CGPLTKO)	Liberalism		Ricky Or	Pro-democracy	2000			N/A
	Community March ?	Liberalism		Ben Lam		2017			N/A
	Community Alliance ?	Liberalism		Ricky Or		2019			N/A
	Tuen Mun Community Network (TMCN)	Liberalism, Localism		Gary Poon	, Localist	2015			N/A
	Tin Shui Wai Connection ?	Liberalism, Localism		N/A	, Localist	2019			N/A
	Tai Po Democratic Alliance	Liberalism		N/A		2019			N/A
	Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre (NWSC) ?	Liberalism, Social democracy		Lo Ngai-yin	Pro-democracy	1985			20,974 (1.0%)
	Federation of Public Housing Estates (FPHE) ?	Conservatism		Hau Shui-pui	Pro-Beijing	1985			N/A
	Sai Kung Commons ?	Liberalism		N/A		2019			N/A
	League of Social Democrats (LSD)	Social democracy		Raphael Wong		2006			56,670 (2.6%)
	Democratic Alliance ?	Liberalism		Johnny Mak	, Pro-Taiwan	2003			N/A
	Deliberation Tsuen Wan ?	Liberalism, Localism		N/A	, Localist	2019			N/A
	Tseung Kwan O Pioneers ?	Liberalism, Localism		Chan Wai-lit	, Localist	2016			N/A
	Tseung Kwan O Shining ?	Liberalism		N/A		2019			N/A
	People Power (PP) ?	Direct democracy, Populism, Radical democracy		Raymond Chan	Pro-democracy	2011			99,349 (4.6%)
	Kowloon East Community	Localism		Chan Chak-to	Pro-democracy, Localist	2014			12,854 (0.6%)
	Empowering Hong Kong ?	Liberalism, Localism		Ho Kwok-ho	, Localist	2019			N/A
	Tsing Yi People ?	Liberalism		Wong Pit-man		2017			N/A
	Lung Mun Concern Group	Liberalism		Tsang Kam-wing		2019			N/A
	Cheung Sha Wan West Front	Liberalism		Wong Kit-long		2019			N/A
	Shau Kei Wan East Future ?	Liberalism		Kwok Chi-chung		2019			N/A
	Tsuen Wan Community Network (TWCN)	Liberalism, Localism		Lam Shek-tim	, Localist	2015			N/A
	Synergy Kowloon ?	Liberalism, Localism		Timothy Lee	, Localist	2017			N/A
	Civic Autonomy Power	Liberalism, Localism		Li Ka-tat	, Localist	2019			N/A
	Tin Shui Wai Livelihood Progression Union ?	Liberalism, Localism		Lee Wai-fung	, Localist	2019			N/A

Other parties and groups

Other parties and groups without any representation that have participated in the elections include:

Pro-democracy camp

• 2047 Hong Kong Monitor (2047?)
• 7.1 People Pile ()
• April Fifth Action (?)
• Chinese Labour Party (?)
• Chinese Liberal Democratic Party (?)
• China Youth Service & Recreation Centre (?)
• Citizens' Radio (?)
• Civic Act-Up (?) (part of Labour Party)
• The Frontier ()
• HK First (?)
• Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council (/)
• Hong Kong Awakening Association ()
• Hong Kong Caritas Employees Union (?)
• Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Practitioners' Rights General Union (?)
• Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (?/)
• Hong Kong Democratic Development Network ()
• Hong Kong Democratic Foundation (?)
• Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (?)
• Hong Kong Social Workers' General Union (?/)
• Land Justice League ()
• Pioneer of Victoria Park (?)
• Power for Democracy (?)
• Power Voters (?) (part of People Power)
• Professional Commons ()
• Revolutionary Communist Party of China (?, October Review)
• Socialist Action ()
• Southern Democratic Alliance ()

Pro-Beijing camp

• Bauhinia Party ()
• Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong ()
• Civil Force (?)
• Economic Synergy (?) (part of Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong)
• Education Convergence ()
• Government Disciplined Services General Union ()
• Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers ()
• Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association (?)
• Hong Kong Civic Association ()
• Hong Kong Medical Association ()
• Hong Kong Public Doctors' Association (?)
• Hong Kong Women Teachers' Organization (?)
• Justice Alliance (?)
• New Youth Forum ()
• People Out of Parliament Party ()
• Politihk Social Strategic ()
• Professional Forum (?) (part of Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong)
• Third Force (?3)
• Voice of Loving Hong Kong (?)

Localist groups

• Christians to the World ()
• Conservative Party ()
• Hong Kong Independence Party ()
• Hong Kong Indigenous ()
• Hong Kong Localism Power ()
• Hong Kong Resurgence Order ()
• Kowloon East Community ()
• Nationalist Hong Kong (?)
• Proletariat Political Institute ()
• Tai Po Sunwalker (?)
• Tin Shui Wai New Force ()
• Tsuen Wan Community Network ()
• Tuen Mun Community (?)
• Tuen Mun Community Network ()
• Youngspiration (?)

Umbrella organisations

• Ching Fat Living Concern Group (?)
• North of the Rings (?)
• Tsuen Wan Dynamic for the People ()
• Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power (?)

Others

• Alliance for Social and Economic Advancement ()
• Green Party of Hong Kong (?)
• Hong Kong People's Livelihood Party ()
• MESSAGE (?)
• Path of Democracy (?)
• Third Side ()

Regional organisations, communal pressure groups and Kaifong associations

• Action 18 (?)
• Ap Lei Chau Community Trade Union ()
• Cheung Sha Wan Community Establishment Power ()
• Cheung Sha Wan West Front ()
• Choi Hung Estate Social Service Association (?)
• Concern Group for Tseung Kwan O People's Livelihood ()
• Community Alliance (?)
• Community March (?)
• Community Sha Tin (?)
• Deliberation Tsuen Wan (?)
• Fu Sun Generation (?)
• Heung Yee Kuk ()
• Hong Kong Island Federation ()
• HTTH Environmental Concern Group ()
• Kowloon East Community ()
• Kowloon Federation of Associations ()
  • Fu Cheong Hung Estate Residents' Association (?)
  • Kwun Tong Residents Association (?)
• Hong Kong People's Council on Housing Policy ()
• Kowloon West New Dynamic ()
• New Territories Association of Societies ()
  • New Territories West Residents Association (?)
  • Hong Kong Tin Shui Wai Women Association ()
• Luen Wo United (?)
• Lung Mun Concern Group ()
• North District Blueprint (?)
• North of the Rings (?)
• Sai Kung Commons (?)
• Sha Tin Community Network ()
• Sha Tin Community Vision (?)
• Shau Kei Wan East Future (?)
• Tai Po Democratic Alliance ()
• Tai Po Network of Democracy and Livelihood ()
• Tin Shui Wai Connection (?)
• Tseung Kwan O Pioneers (?)
• Tseung Kwan O Shining (?)
• Tsing Yi Concern Group ()
• Tsing Yi People (?)
• Tsuen Wan Dynamic for the People ()
• Unity of San Hui (?)

Electoral coalitions

• 7.1 United Front (?)
• A16 Alliance (A16)
• ABC.P.A
• Academics In Support of Democracy (?)
• Action 9 (9)
• Alliance of Housing Department Staff Unions ()
• ALLinHK
• Central and Western Democratic Power (?)
• Coalition of Hong Kong Newspaper and Magazine Merchant (?)
• Democrat Professionals Hong Kong ()
• Democratic Accountants ()
• Democratic Coalition for DC Election (/?)
• Demo-Social 12/Demo-Social 60/Demo-Social Front (12/60/?)
• Doctors for Democracy (?)
• Engineers for Universal Suffrage ()
• Frontline Doctors' Union ()
• Gov.ALPS (?)
• Health Professionals for Democracy 30 (?30)
• Hearts of Accountants (?)
• ICT Energy (ICT)
• IT Voice/IT Voice 2012/IT Vision
• O Superpower ()
• ProDem22
• Progressive Social Work (?)
• Students United 2017 (? 2017)
• Tertiary 2012 (2012)
• Together for Social Welfare (?)
• User Voice (?)
• V18 Accountants (V18)
• Vox Pop
• Welfare Empower Hong Kong (?)
• Win Win Hong Kong Accountants (?)
• Y5 Give Me Five (Y5)
• Your Vote Counts (?/?)

Defunct

• 123 Democratic Alliance (?)
• Alliance for Universal Suffrage ()
• Association for Democracy and Justice ()
• Basic Law Article 45 Concern Group ()
• Citizens Party ()
• Co-operative Resources Centre ()
• Constitutional Reform Association of Hong Kong
• Democratic Progressive Party of Hong Kong (?)
• Democratic Self-Government Party of Hong Kong (?)
• Demosist? (?)
• Federation for the Stability of Hong Kong ()
• The Frontier ()
• Hong Kong Affairs Society ()
• Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates ()
• Hong Kong Citizen Forum (?)
• Hong Kong Forum (?)
• Hong Kong Observers ()
• Hong Kong National Party ()
• Hong Kong People's Association (?)
• Hong Kong Policy Viewers ()
• Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (/)
• Hong Kong Prospect Institute (?)
• Hong Kong Socialist Democratic Party (?)
• Kowloon City Observers ()
• Kowloon Residents' Association ()
• Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong (/)
• Liberal Democratic Party ()
• Meeting Point ()
• New Hong Kong Alliance ()
• New Hong Kong Society ()
• Progressive Hong Kong Society ()
• Public Affairs Society (?)
• Reform Club of Hong Kong ()
• Social Democratic Forum ()
• Social Democratic Front ()
• United Ants ()
• United Democrats of Hong Kong (/)
• United Front for the Service of the People ()
• United Nations Association of Hong Kong (?)
• Victoria Social Association ()

See also

• List of political parties
• United Front Work Department
• United Front (China)
• List of political parties in the People's Republic of China
• List of political parties in the Republic of China
• List of political parties in Macau

References