October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 76 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.^[1]
• 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
• 912 – Abd ar-Rahman III becomes the 8th Emir of Córdoba.^[2]
• 955 – King Otto I defeats a Slavic revolt in what is now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
• 1311 – The Council of Vienne convenes for the first time.^[3]
• 1384 – Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.
• 1590 – Prince Gesualdo of Venosa murders his wife and her lover.
• 1736 – Mathematician William Whiston's predicted comet fails to strike the Earth.^[4]
• 1780 – American Revolutionary War: The British-led Royalton raid is the last Native American raid on New England.
• 1780 – The Great Hurricane of 1780 finishes after its sixth day, killing between 20,000 and 24,000 residents of the Lesser Antilles.^[5]
• 1793 – French Revolution: Queen Marie Antoinette is executed.
• 1793 – War of the First Coalition: French victory at the Battle of Wattignies forces Austria to raise the siege of Maubeuge.
• 1805 – War of the Third Coalition: Napoleon surrounds the Austrian army at Ulm.^[6]
• 1813 – The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon in the three-day Battle of Leipzig.
• 1817 – Simón Bolívar sentences Manuel Piar to death for challenging the racial-caste in Venezuela.^[7]
• 1834 – Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.
• 1836 – Great Trek: Afrikaner voortrekkers repulse a Matabele attack, but lose their livestock.
• 1841 – Queen's University is founded in the Province of Canada.
• 1843 – William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
• 1846 – William T. G. Morton administers ether anesthesia during a surgical operation.
• 1847 – The novel Jane Eyre is published in London.
• 1859 – John Brown leads a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
• 1869 – The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".
• 1869 – Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.
• 1875 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.
• 1882 – The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
• 1905 – The Partition of Bengal in India takes place.
• 1906 – The Wilhelm Voigt fools the city hall of Köpenick and several soldiers by impersonating a Prussian officer.
• 1909 – William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold the first summit between a U.S. and a Mexican president. They narrowly escape assassination.^[8]
• 1916 – Margaret Sanger opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.
• 1919 – Adolf Hitler delivers his first public address at a meeting of the German Workers' Party.^[9]
• 1923 – The Walt Disney Company is founded.
• 1934 – Chinese Communists begin the Long March to escape Nationalist encirclement.
• 1939 – World War II: No. 603 Squadron RAF intercepts the first Luftwaffe raid on Britain.
• 1940 – Holocaust in Poland: The Warsaw Ghetto is established.
• 1943 – Holocaust in Italy: Raid of the Ghetto of Rome.
• 1946 – Nuremberg trials: Ten defendants found guilty by the International Military Tribunal are executed by hanging.
• 1947 – The Philippines takes over the administration of the Turtle Islands and the Mangsee Islands from the United Kingdom.
• 1949 – The Greek Communist Party announces a "temporary cease-fire", thus ending the Greek Civil War.
• 1950 – The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis is published.
• 1951 – The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.
• 1962 – Cuban missile crisis begins: Kennedy is informed of photos taken on October 14 by a U-2 showing nuclear missiles (the crisis will last for 13 days starting from this point).
• 1964 – China detonates its first nuclear weapon.
• 1964 – Leonid Brezhnev becomes leader of the Soviet Communist Party, while Alexei Kosygin becomes the head of government.
• 1968 – Tommie Smith and John Carlos are ejected from the US Olympic team for participating in the Olympics Black Power salute.
• 1968 – Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney riots, inspired by the barring of Walter Rodney from the country.
• 1968 – Yasunari Kawabata becomes the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1970 – Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act during the October Crisis.
• 1973 – Henry Kissinger and Lê c Th? are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1975 – Indonesian troops kill the Balibo Five, a group of Australian journalists, Portuguese Timor.
• 1975 – Three-year-old Rahima Banu, from Bangladesh, is the last known case of naturally occurring smallpox.
• 1975 – The Australian Coalition sparks a constitutional crisis when they vote to defer funding for the government's annual budget.
• 1978 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first non-Italian pontiff since 1523.
• 1984 – Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1991 – George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 20.
• 1995 – The Million Man March takes place in Washington, D.C. About 837,000 attended.^[10]
• 1995 – The Skye Bridge in Scotland is opened.
• 1996 – Eighty-four football fans die and 180 are injured in a massive crush at a match in Guatemala City.
• 1998 – Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a murder extradition warrant.
• 2002 – The Bibliotheca Alexandrina opens in Egypt, commemorating the ancient library of Alexandria.
• 2013 – Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.
• 2017 – Storm Ophelia strikes the U.K. and Ireland causing major damage and power loss.

Births

• 1351 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti, first Duke of Milan (d. 1402)
• 1396 – William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English admiral (d. 1450)
• 1430 – James II of Scotland (d. 1460)
• 1483 – Gasparo Contarini, Italian cardinal and diplomat (d. 1542)
• 1535 – Niwa Nagahide, Japanese samurai (d. 1585)
• 1588 – Luke Wadding, Irish Franciscan friar and historian (d. 1657)
• 1605 – Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy, French writer and composer (d. 1677)
• 1620 – Pierre Paul Puget, French painter and sculptor (d. 1694)
• 1678 – Anna Waser, Swiss painter (d. 1714)
• 1679 – Jan Dismas Zelenka, Czech viol player and composer (d. 1745)
• 1710 – András Hadik, Austrian-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1790)
• 1714 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist and academic (d. 1795)
• 1726 – Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish-German painter and educator (d. 1801)
• 1729 – Pierre van Maldere, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1768)
• 1752 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian and academic (d. 1827)
• 1754 – Morgan Lewis, American general, lawyer, and politician, 3rd Governor of New York (d. 1844)
• 1758 – Noah Webster, American lexicographer (d. 1843)
• 1762 – Paul Hamilton, American soldier and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1816)
• 1789 – William Burton, American physician and politician, 39th Governor of Delaware (d. 1866)
• 1795 – William Buell Sprague, American minister, historian, and author (d. 1876)
• 1802 – Isaac Murphy, American educator and politician, 8th Governor of Arkansas (d. 1882)
• 1803 – Robert Stephenson, English railway and civil engineer (d. 1859)
• 1804 – Benjamin Russell, American painter and educator (d. 1885)
• 1806 – William P. Fessenden, American lawyer and politician, 26th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1869)
• 1815 – Francis Lubbock, American colonel and politician, 9th Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
• 1818 – William Forster, Indian-Australian politician, 4th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1882)
• 1819 – Austin F. Pike, American lawyer and politician (d. 1886)
• 1831 – Lucy Stanton, American activist (d. 1910)
• 1832 – Vicente Riva Palacio, Mexican liberal intellectual, novelist (d. 1896)
• 1840 – Kuroda Kiyotaka, Japanese general and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1900)
• 1841 – It? Hirobumi, Japanese lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1909)
• 1844 – Ismail Qemali, Albanian civil servant and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1919)
• 1847 – Maria Pia of Savoy (d. 1911)
• 1852 – Carl von In der Maur, Governor of Liechtenstein (d. 1913)
• 1854 – Karl Kautsky, Czech-German journalist, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1938)
• 1854 – Oscar Wilde, Irish playwright, novelist, and poet (d. 1900)
• 1855 – Samad bey Mehmandarov, Azerbaijani general and politician, 3rd Azerbaijani Minister of Defense (d. 1931)
• 1861 – J. B. Bury, Irish historian and scholar (d. 1927)
• 1861 – Richard Sears, American tennis player (d. 1943)
• 1863 – Austen Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)
• 1867 – Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa (d. 1963)
• 1869 – Claude H. Van Tyne, American historian and author (d. 1930)
• 1872 – Walter Buckmaster, English polo player and businessman, co-founded Buckmaster & Moore (d. 1942)
• 1876 – Jimmy Sinclair, South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 1913)
• 1881 – William Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1955)
• 1884 – Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (d. 1916)
• 1886 – David Ben-Gurion, Polish-Israeli soldier and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1973)
• 1888 – Eugene O'Neill, American playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
• 1888 – Paul Popenoe, American founder of relationship counseling (d. 1979)
• 1890 – Michael Collins, Irish general and politician, 2nd Irish Minister for Finance (d. 1922)
• 1890 – Maria Goretti, Italian martyr and saint (d. 1902)
• 1890 – Paul Strand, American photographer and director (d. 1975)
• 1897 – Louis de Cazenave, French soldier (d. 2008)
• 1898 – William O. Douglas, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1980)
• 1900 – Edward Ardizzone, Vietnamese-English author and illustrator (d. 1979)
• 1900 – Primo Conti, Italian painter and poet (d. 1988)
• 1900 – Goose Goslin, American baseball player and manager (d. 1971)
• 1903 – Cecile de Brunhoff, French author and pianist (d. 2003)
• 1903 – Big Joe Williams, American Delta blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1982)
• 1904 – Björn Berglund, Swedish actor (d. 1968)
• 1905 – Ernst Kuzorra, German footballer and manager (d. 1990)
• 1906 – León Klimovsky, Argentinian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1907 – Richard Titmuss, English sociologist and academic (d. 1973)
• 1908 – Olivia Coolidge, English-American author and educator (d. 2006)^[11]
• 1908 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian general and politician, Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1985)
• 1911 – Otto von Bülow, German commander (d. 2006)
• 1912 – Clifford Hansen, American rancher and politician, 26th Governor of Wyoming (d. 2009)
• 1918 – Louis Althusser, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (d. 1990)
• 1918 – Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
• 1918 – Tony Rolt, English race car driver and engineer (d. 2008)
• 1919 – Kathleen Winsor, American journalist and author (d. 2003)^[12]
• 1921 – Matt Batts, American baseball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1921 – Sita Ram Goel, Indian historian, publisher and writer (d. 2003)
• 1921 – MacKenzie Miller, American horse trainer and breeder (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Max Bygraves, English-Australian actor and singer (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Leon Sullivan, American minister and activist (d. 2001)
• 1923 – Linda Darnell, American actress (d. 1965)
• 1923 – Bert Kaempfert, German conductor and composer (d. 1980)
• 1923 – Bill McLaren, Scottish rugby player and sportscaster (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Gerard Parkes, Irish-Canadian actor (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Angela Lansbury, English-American actress, singer, and producer ^[13]
• 1926 – Charles Dolan, American businessman, founded Cablevision and HBO
• 1927 – Günter Grass, German novelist, poet, playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
• 1928 – Mary Daly, American philosopher and theologian (d. 2010)^[14]
• 1928 – Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress (d. 2016)
• 1929 – Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress
• 1930 – John Polkinghorne, English physicist, theologian and priest
• 1930 – Carmen Sevilla, Spanish actress
• 1931 – Charles Colson, American lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
• 1931 – Valery Klimov, Ukrainian-Russian violinist and educator
• 1931 – Rosa Rosal, Filipino actress
• 1931 – P. W. Underwood, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1932 – John Grant, English journalist and politician (d. 2000)
• 1932 – Henry Lewis, American bassist and conductor (d. 1996)
• 1932 – Lucien Paiement, Canadian physician and politician (d. 2013)
• 1933 – Nobuyo ?yama, Japanese voice actress
• 1934 – Peter Ashdown, English race car driver
• 1936 – Peter Bowles, English actor and screenwriter
• 1936 – Andrei Chikatilo, Ukrainian-Russian serial killer (d. 1994)
• 1936 – Mladen Koak, Croatian footballer (d. 1997)
• 1936 – Akira Machida, Japanese lawyer and judge, 15th Chief Justice of Japan (d. 2015)
• 1938 – Carl Gunter, Jr., American politician (d. 1999)
• 1938 – Nico, German singer-songwriter, model, and actress (d. 1988)
• 1940 – Barry Corbin, American actor and producer
• 1940 – Dave DeBusschere, American basketball player and coach (d. 2003)
• 1940 – Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and journalist (d. 2009)
• 1941 – Tim McCarver, American baseball player, sportscaster, and singer
• 1941 – Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, English computer programmer and politician
• 1943 – Fred Turner, Canadian singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1944 – Kaizer Motaung, South African footballer and manager
• 1945 – Stefan Buczacki, English horticulturalist, botanist, and television host
• 1945 – Roger Hawkins, American session drummer
• 1945 – Paul Monette, American author and poet (d. 1995)
• 1946 – Geoff Barnett, English footballer
• 1946 – Suzanne Somers, American actress and producer
• 1947 – Nicholas Day, English actor
• 1947 – Terry Griffiths, Welsh snooker player and coach
• 1947 – Bob Weir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1947 – David Zucker, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1948 – Alison Chitty, English production designer and costume designer
• 1948 – Bruce Fleisher, American golfer
• 1948 – Hema Malini, Indian actress, director, producer, and politician
• 1948 – Leo Mazzone, American baseball player and coach
• 1950 – Károly Horváth, Romanian-Hungarian cellist, flute player, and composer (d. 2015)
• 1950 – Angry Grandpa, American internet personality (d. 2017)
• 1952 – Christopher Cox, American lawyer and politician
• 1952 – Cordell Mosson, American bass player (d. 2013)
• 1952 – Crazy Mohan, Indian actor, screenwriter, and playwright (d. 2019)
• 1952 – Glenys Thornton, Baroness Thornton, English politician
• 1953 – Tony Carey, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer
• 1953 – Paulo Roberto Falcão, Brazilian footballer and manager
• 1954 – Lorenzo Carcaterra, American author and blogger
• 1954 – Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean, Scottish politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
• 1954 – Serafino Ghizzoni, Italian rugby player
• 1954 – Corinna Harfouch, German actress
• 1955 – Ellen Dolan, American actress
• 1956 – Marin Alsop, American violinist and conductor
• 1956 – John Chavis, American football player and coach
• 1956 – Meg Rosoff, American-English author
• 1956 – Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet, author, and playwright (d. 1992)
• 1957 – Priidu Beier, Estonian poet and educator
• 1958 – Roy McDonough, English footballer and manager
• 1958 – Tim Robbins, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1959 – Kevin Brennan, Welsh journalist and politician
• 1959 – Brian Harper, American baseball player
• 1959 – Gary Kemp, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1959 – Philip Maini, Northern Irish mathematician at the University of Oxford
• 1959 – Tessa Munt, English lawyer and politician
• 1959 – Jamie Salmon, English-New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster
• 1959 – Erkki-Sven Tüür, Estonian flute player and composer
• 1959 – John Whittingdale, English politician
• 1960 – Guy LeBlanc, Canadian keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1960 – Bob Mould, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1961 – Marc Levy, French author
• 1961 – Randy Vasquez, American actor, director, and producer
• 1961 – Scott O'Hara, American pornographic performer, author, poet, editor and publisher (d. 1998)
• 1962 – Flea, Australian-American bass player, songwriter, and actor
• 1962 – Manute Bol, Sudanese-American basketball player and activist (d. 2010)
• 1962 – Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian opera singer (d. 2017)
• 1962 – Nico Lazaridis, German footballer
• 1962 – Tamara McKinney, American skier
• 1963 – Brendan Kibble, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1963 – Timothy Leighton, English physicist and academic
• 1964 – Shawn Little, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
• 1964 – James Thompson, American-Finnish author (d. 2014)
• 1965 – Kang Kyung-ok, South Korean illustrator
• 1965 – Tom Tolbert, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1966 – Olof Lundh, Swedish journalist
• 1966 – Mary Elizabeth McGlynn, American voice actress, singer, and director
• 1967 – Michael Laffy, Australian footballer
• 1967 – Davina McCall, English television host and actress
• 1968 – Randall Batinkoff, American actor and producer
• 1968 – Mark Lee, Singaporean actor and singer
• 1968 – Francesco Libetta, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor
• 1968 – Todd Stashwick, American actor and writer
• 1968 – Elsa Zylberstein, French actress
• 1969 – Roy Hargrove, American trumpet player and composer (d. 2018)
• 1969 – Takao Omori, Japanese wrestler
• 1969 – Terri J. Vaughn, American actress and producer
• 1969 – Wendy Wilson, American singer-songwriter
• 1970 – Kazuyuki Fujita, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
• 1970 – Mehmet Scholl, German footballer and manager
• 1971 – Chad Gray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971 – Paul Sparks, American actor
• 1971 – Frank Cuesta, Spanish television presenter
• 1972 – Adrianne Frost, American comedian, actress, and author
• 1972 – Darius Kasparaitis, Lithuanian-Russian ice hockey player and coach
• 1972 – Kordell Stewart, American football player and radio host
• 1973 – Justin Credible, American wrestler
• 1973 – David Unsworth, English footballer and manager
• 1974 – Aurela Gaçe, Albanian singer
• 1974 – Paul Kariya, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Ernesto Noel Aquino, Honduran footballer
• 1975 – Brynjar Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer
• 1975 – Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer
• 1975 – Kellie Martin, American actress, director, and producer
• 1977 – John Mayer, American singer-songwriter, rapper, guitarist, and producer
• 1980 – Sue Bird, Israeli-American basketball player
• 1980 – Timana Tahu, Australian rugby league player
• 1981 – Brea Grant, American actress and writer^[15]
• 1981 – Martin Halle, Danish footballer
• 1981 – Boyd Melson, American boxer
• 1981 – Anthony Reyes, American baseball player
• 1982 – Frédéric Michalak, French rugby player
• 1982 – Cristian Riveros, Paraguayan footballer
• 1982 – Prithviraj Sukumaran, Indian actor, singer, and producer
• 1983 – Philipp Kohlschreiber, German tennis player
• 1983 – Kenny Omega, Canadian wrestler
• 1984 – François Pervis, French track cyclist
• 1984 – Rachel Reilly, American talk show host and actress
• 1985 – Jay Beagle, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Verena Sailer, German sprinter
• 1985 – Casey Stoner, Australian motorcycle racer
• 1985 – Peter Wallace, Australian rugby league player
• 1986 – Nicky Adams, English-Welsh footballer
• 1986 – Derk Boerrigter, Dutch footballer
• 1988 – Zoltán Stieber, Hungarian footballer
• 1989 – Dan Biggar, Welsh rugby player
• 1992 – Bryce Harper, American baseball player
• 1992 – Kostas Fortounis, Greek footballer
• 1992 – Stuart Lightbody, Irish badminton player^[16]
• 1993 – Caroline Garcia, French tennis player
• 1994 – Adam Elliott, Australian rugby league player
• 1997 – Charles Leclerc, Monégasque Formula One driver
• 1997 – Naomi Osaka, Haitian-Japanese tennis player

Deaths

• 385 – Fú Ji?n, Chinese emperor (b. 337)
• 786 – Lullus, archbishop of Mainz (b. 710)
• 976 – Al-Hakam II, Umayyad caliph (b. 915)
• 1027 – Fujiwara no Kenshi, Japanese empress (b. 994)
• 1130 – Pedro González de Lara, Castilian magnate
• 1284 – Shams al-Din Juvayni, Persian statesman, vizier and minister of finance of the Ilkhanate
• 1323 – Amadeus V, count of Savoy (b. 1249)
• 1333 – Nicholas V, antipope of Rome (b. 1260)
• 1438 – Anne of Gloucester, English noblewoman (b. 1383)
• 1355 – Louis the Child, king of Sicily (b. 1338)
• 1523 – Luca Signorelli, Italian painter (b. c.1450)
• 1553 – Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter and engraver (b. 1472)
• 1555 – Hugh Latimer, English bishop and saint (b. 1487)
• 1555 – Nicholas Ridley, English bishop and martyr (b. 1500)
• 1591 – Gregory XIV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1535)^[17]
• 1594 – William Allen, English cardinal (b. 1532)
• 1621 – Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch organist and composer (b. 1562)
• 1628 – François de Malherbe, French poet and critic (b. 1555)
• 1649 – Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1621)
• 1655 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and theorist (b. 1591)
• 1660 – John Cook, English politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales (b. 1608)
• 1679 – Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, Irish-English soldier and politician (b. 1621)
• 1680 – Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian-Austrian field marshal (b. 1609)
• 1730 – Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French-American explorer and politician, 3rd French Governor of Louisiana (b. 1658)
• 1730 – Nev?ehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Greek politician, 139th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1666)
• 1750 – Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German lute player and composer (b. 1687)
• 1755 – Gerard Majella, Italian saint (b. 1725)
• 1774 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (b. 1750)
• 1791 – Grigory Potemkin, Russian general and politician (b. 1739)
• 1793 – Marie Antoinette, Austrian-born queen consort of Louis XVI of France (b. 1755)
• 1793 – John Hunter, Scottish-English surgeon and philosopher (b. 1728)
• 1796 – Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (b. 1726)
• 1799 – Veerapandiya Kattabomman Indian activist (b. 1760)
• 1810 – Nachman of Breslov, Ukrainian religious leader, founded the Breslov Hasidic group (b. 1772)
• 1822 – Eva Marie Veigel, Austrian-English dancer (b. 1724)
• 1877 – Théodore Barrière, French playwright (b. 1823)
• 1888 – John Wentworth, American journalist and politician, 19th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1815)
• 1904 – Haritina Korotkevich, Russian heroine (b. 1882)^[18]
• 1908 – Joseph Leycester Lyne, English monk (b. 1837)
• 1909 – Jakub Bart-?i?inski, German poet and playwright (b. 1856)
• 1913 – Ralph Rose, American shot putter, discus, and hammer thrower (b. 1885)
• 1936 – Effie Adelaide Rowlands, British writer (b. 1859)
• 1937 – Jean de Brunhoff, French poet and playwright (b. 1899)
• 1946 – Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:
  • Hans Frank, German lawyer, politician and war criminal (b. 1900)
  • Wilhelm Frick, German lawyer and politician, German Minister of the Interior (b. 1877)
  • Alfred Jodl, German general (b. 1890)
  • Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Austrian SS officer (b. 1903)
  • Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (b. 1882)
  • Alfred Rosenberg, Estonian architect and politician (b. 1893)
  • Fritz Sauckel, German sailor and politician (b. 1894)
  • Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian lawyer and politician, 16th Federal Chancellor of Austria (b. 1892)
  • Julius Streicher, German journalist and politician (b. 1887)
  • Joachim von Ribbentrop, German lieutenant and politician, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Germany (b. 1893)
• 1947 – Anna B. Eckstein, German peace activist (b. 1868)^[19]
• 1951 – Liaquat Ali Khan, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (b 1895)
• 1956 – Jules Rimet, French businessman (b. 1873)
• 1957 – John Anthony Sydney Ritson, English rugby player, mines inspector, engineer and educator (b. 1887)
• 1958 – Robert Redfield, American anthropologist of Mexico (b. 1897)
• 1959 – Minor Hall, American drummer (b. 1897)
• 1959 – George Marshall, American general and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Defense, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1880)
• 1962 – Gaston Bachelard, French poet and philosopher (b. 1884)
• 1964 – Patsy Callighen, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1906)
• 1966 – George O'Hara, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1899)
• 1968 – Ellis Kinder, American baseball player (b. 1914)
• 1971 – Robin Boyd, Australian architect and educator, designed the Domain Park Flats (b. 1919)
• 1972 – Nick Begich, American lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
• 1972 – Hale Boggs, American lawyer and politician (b. 1914)
• 1972 – Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (b. 1886)
• 1973 – Gene Krupa, American drummer, composer, and actor (b. 1909)
• 1975 – Vittorio Gui, Italian conductor and composer (b. 1885)
• 1978 – Dan Dailey, American actor, singer, dancer, and director (b. 1913)
• 1979 – Johan Borgen, Norwegian author and critic (b. 1903)
• 1981 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli general and politician, 5th Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (b. 1915)
• 1981 – Eugene Eisenmann, Panamanian-American lawyer and ornithologist (b. 1906)
• 1982 – Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (b. 1915)
• 1983 – Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer and conductor (b. 1895)
• 1986 – Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist and pianist (b. 1921)
• 1989 – Walter Farley, American author and educator (b. 1915)
• 1989 – Scott O'Dell, American journalist and author (b. 1898)
• 1989 – Cornel Wilde, American actor (b. 1915)
• 1990 – Art Blakey, American drummer and bandleader (b. 1919)
• 1990 – Jorge Bolet, Cuban-American pianist and educator (b. 1914)
• 1992 – Shirley Booth, American actress and singer (b. 1898)
• 1996 – Jason Bernard, American actor (b. 1938)
• 1996 – Eric Malpass, English author (b. 1910)
• 1997 – Audra Lindley, American actress (b. 1918)
• 1997 – James A. Michener, American author and philanthropist (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Jon Postel, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1943)
• 1999 – Jean Shepherd, American radio host, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 2000 – Mel Carnahan, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 51st Governor of Missouri (b. 1934)
• 2000 – Rick Jason, American actor (b. 1923)
• 2001 – Etta Jones, American singer-songwriter (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Avni Arba?, Turkish painter (b. 1919)
• 2003 – Stu Hart, Canadian wrestler and trainer (b. 1915)
• 2003 – László Papp, Hungarian boxer (b. 1926)
• 2004 – Pierre Salinger, American journalist and politician, 11th White House Press Secretary (b. 1925)
• 2006 – John Victor Murra, Ukrainian-American anthropologist and academic (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 91st President of Peru (b. 1936)
• 2007 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (b. 1921)
• 2007 – To?e Proeski, Macedonian singer-songwriter (b. 1981)
• 2008 – Dagmar Normet, Estonian author and translator (b. 1921)
• 2010 – Eyedea, American rapper and producer (b. 1981)
• 2010 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (b. 1915)
• 2011 – Dan Wheldon, English race car driver (b. 1978)
• 2012 – Frank Moore Cross, American scholar and academic (b. 1921)
• 2012 – John A. Durkin, American lawyer and politician (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Mario Gallegos, Jr., American firefighter and politician (b. 1950)
• 2012 – Bódog Török, Hungarian handball player and coach (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Eddie Yost, American baseball player and coach (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Govind Purushottam Deshpande, Indian playwright and academic (b. 1938)
• 2013 – George Hourmouziadis, Greek archaeologist and academic (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Ed Lauter, American actor (b. 1938)^[20]
• 2013 – Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (b. 1916)
• 2013 – Robert B. Rheault, American colonel (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Saggy Tahir, Pakistani-American lawyer and politician (b. 1944)
• 2014 – Ioannis Charalambopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919)
• 2014 – Allen Forte, American musicologist and theorist (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Seppo Kuusela, Finnish basketball player and coach (b. 1934)
• 2014 – John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, English businessman (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Richard J. Cardamone, American lawyer and judge (b. 1925)
• 2015 – James W. Fowler, American psychologist and academic (b. 1940)
• 2015 – William James, Australian general and physician (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Vera Williams, American author and illustrator (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Memduh Ün, Turkish film producer, director, actor and screenwriter (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Calvin Carl "Kelly" Gotlieb, Canadian professor and computer scientist (b. 1921)
• 2017 – Daphne Caruana Galizia, Maltese journalist and blogger (b. 1964)
• 2017 – Roy Dotrice, British actor (b. 1923)
• 2017 – John Dunsworth, Canadian actor (b. 1946)
• 2017 – Sean Hughes, British-born Irish stand-up comedian (b. 1965)

Holidays and observances

• Air Force Day (Bulgaria)
• Boss's Day (United States and Canada)
• Christian feast day:
  • Balderic (Baudry) of Monfaucon
  • Bercharius
  • Bertrand of Comminges
  • Colmán of Kilroot (Colman mac Cathbaid)
  • Eliphius
  • Fortunatus of Casei
  • Gall
  • Gerard Majella
  • Hedwig of Silesia
  • Hugh Latimer (Anglicanism)
  • Junian (of Saint-Junien)
  • Marguerite Marie Alacoque
  • Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
  • Nicholas Ridley (Anglicanism)
  • Silvanus of Ahun
  • Blessed Thevarparampil Kunjachan (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church / Catholic Church)
  • Pope Victor III
  • October 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Pope John Paul II Day (Poland)
• Death anniversary of Liaquat Ali Khan (Pakistan)
• Teachers' Day (Chile)
• World Anaesthesia Day (International)
• World Food Day (International)

References

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• [1]