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October 3
Date
October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . 89 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol , Hwanung () purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
52 BC – Vercingetorix , leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius Caesar, ending the siege and battle of Alesia .
42 BC – Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight a decisive battle with Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius.
382 – Roman Emperor Theodosius I concludes a peace treaty with the Goths and settles them in the Balkans.
1392 – Muhammed VII becomes the twelfth sultan of the Emirate of Granada.
1574 – The Siege of Leiden is lifted by the Watergeuzen .
1683 – Qing dynasty naval commander Shi Lang receives the surrender of the Tungning kingdom on Taiwan after the Battle of Penghu .
1712 – The Duke of Montrose issues a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy MacGregor .[1]
1739 – The Treaty of Ni? is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia at the end of the Russian-Turkish War.
1789 – George Washington proclaims a Thanksgiving Day for that year.
1792 – A militia departs from the Spanish stronghold of Valdivia to quell a Huilliche uprising in southern Chile.[2]
1863 – The last Thursday in November is declared as Thanksgiving Day by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln .
1873 – Chief Kintpuash and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War of northern California.
1912 – U.S. forces defeat Nicaraguan rebels at the Battle of Coyotepe Hill .
1918 – King Boris III of Bulgaria accedes to the throne.
1919 – Cincinnati Reds pitcher Adolfo Luque becomes the first Latin player to appear in a World Series.
1929 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is renamed to Yugoslavia by King Alexander I .
1930 – The German Socialist Labour Party in Poland - Left is founded.
1932 – Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1935 – Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italy invades Ethiopia .
1942 – A German V-2 rocket reaches a record 85 km (46 nm) in altitude.
1943 – World War II: German forces murder 92 civilians in Lyngiades , Greece.
1949 – WERD , the first black-owned radio station in the United States, opens in Atlanta.
1951 – Korean War: The First Battle of Maryang San pits Commonwealth troops against communist Chinese troops.
1952 – The United Kingdom successfully tests a nuclear weapon to become the world's third nuclear power.
1957 – The California State Superior Court rules that the book Howl and Other Poems is not obscene.
1962 – Project Mercury: Wally Schirra in Sigma 7 launched from Cape Canaveral for a six-orbit flight.
1963 – A violent coup in Honduras begins two decades of military rule.
1978 – A Finnish Air Force DC-3 crashes , killing all 15 people on board.
1981 – The hunger strike at the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland ends after seven months and ten deaths.
1985 – The Space Shuttle Atlantis makes its maiden flight .
1986 – TASCC , a superconducting cyclotron at the Chalk River Laboratories in Canada, is officially opened.
1989 – A coup in Panama City is suppressed and 11 participants are executed.
1990 – The German Democratic Republic is abolished and becomes part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
1991 – Nadine Gordimer is announced as the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.[3]
1993 – An American attack against a warlord in Mogadishu fails ; eighteen US soldiers and over 350 Somalis die.
1995 – The O. J. Simpson murder case ends with a verdict of not guilty.
2008 – The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 for the U.S. financial system is signed by President George W. Bush.
2009 – Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey join together in the Turkic Council .
2013 – At least 360 migrants are killed when their boat sinks near the Italian island of Lampedusa.
2015 – Forty-two are killed and 33 go missing in the Kunduz hospital airstrike .
2017 – King Felipe VI of Spain makes a special televised speech on Catalan independence referendum crisis.Births
85 BC – Gaius Cassius Longinus , Roman politician (d. 42 BC)
1292 – Eleanor de Clare , English noblewoman (d. 1337)
1390 – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1447)
1458 – Saint Casimir , Prince of Poland and Duke of Lithuania (d. 1484)
1554 – Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke , English poet (d. 1628)
1610 – Gabriel Lalemant , French-Canadian missionary and saint (d. 1649)
1631 – Sebastian Anton Scherer , German organist and composer (d. 1712)
1713 – Antoine Dauvergne , French violinist and composer (d. 1797)
1716 – Giovanni Battista Beccaria , Italian physicist and academic (d. 1781)
1720 – Johann Uz , German poet and judge (d. 1796)
1790 – John Ross , American tribal chief (d. 1866)
1797 – Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1870)
1800 – George Bancroft , American historian and politician, 17th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1891)
1804 – Townsend Harris , American merchant, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Japan (d. 1878)
1804 – Allan Kardec , French author, translator, educator and founder of modern Spiritism (d. 1869)
1828 – Woldemar Bargiel , German composer and educator (d. 1897)
1837 – Nicolás Avellaneda , Argentinian journalist and politician, 8th President of Argentina (d. 1885)
1846 – James Jackson Putnam , American neurologist and academic (d. 1918)
1848 – Henry Lerolle , French painter and art collector (d. 1929)
1858 – Eleonora Duse , Italian-American actress (d. 1924)
1862 – Johnny Briggs , English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1902)
1863 – Pyotr Kozlov , Russian archaeologist and explorer (d. 1935)
1865 – Gustave Loiseau , French painter (d. 1935)
1866 – Josephine Sabel , American singer and comedian (d. 1945)
1867 – Pierre Bonnard , French painter (d. 1947)
1869 – Alfred Flatow , German gymnast (d. 1942)
1875 – Dr. Atl , Mexican painter (d. 1964)
1879 – Warner Oland , Swedish-American actor and singer (d. 1938)
1882 – A. Y. Jackson , Canadian painter and academic (d. 1974)
1885 – Sophie Treadwell , American playwright and journalist (d. 1970)
1886 – Alain-Fournier , French soldier, author, and critic (d. 1914)
1888 – Wade Boteler , American actor and screenwriter (d. 1943)
1889 – Carl von Ossietzky , German journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1938)
1890 – Emilio Portes Gil , Mexican politician, President of Mexico (d. 1978)
1894 – Elmer Robinson , American lawyer and politician, 33rd Mayor of San Francisco (d. 1982)
1894 – Walter Warlimont , German general (d. 1976)
1895 – Giovanni Comisso , Italian author and poet (d. 1969)
1895 – Sergei Yesenin , Russian poet (d. 1925)
1896 – Auvergne Doherty , Australian businesswoman (d. 1961 )
1896 – Gerardo Diego , Spanish poet and critic (d. 1987)
1897 – Louis Aragon , French author and poet (d. 1982)
1898 – Leo McCarey , American director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
1898 – Adolf Reichwein , German economist and educator (d. 1944)
1899 – Gertrude Berg , American actress, screenwriter and producer (d. 1966)
1900 – Thomas Wolfe , American novelist (d. 1938)
1901 – Jean Grémillon , French director, composer, and screenwriter (d. 1959)
1904 – Ernst-Günther Schenck , German colonel and physician (d. 1998)
1905 – Tekin Ar?burun , Turkish soldier and politician, President of Turkey (d. 1993)
1906 – Natalie Savage Carlson , American author (d. 1997)
1908 – Johnny Burke , American songwriter (d. 1964)
1911 – Michael Hordern , English actor (d. 1995)
1915 – Ray Stark , American film producer (d. 2004)
1916 – James Herriot , English veterinarian and author (d. 1995)
1919 – James M. Buchanan , American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
1921 – Ray Lindwall , Australian cricketer and soldier (d. 1996)
1923 – Edward Oliver LeBlanc , Dominican lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of Dominica (d. 2004)
1924 – Harvey Kurtzman , American cartoonist (d. 1993)
1924 – Arkady Vorobyov , Russian weightlifter and coach (d. 2012)
1925 – Gore Vidal , American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (d. 2012)
1925 – George Wein , American pianist and producer, co-founded the Newport Folk Festival
1928 – Erik Bruhn , Danish dancer and choreographer (d. 1986)
1928 – Edward L. Moyers , American businessman (d. 2006)
1928 – Shridath Ramphal , Guyanese academic and politician, 2nd Commonwealth Secretary-General
1931 – Glenn Hall , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1932 – Terence English , South African-English surgeon and academic
1933 – Neale Fraser , Australian tennis player
1934 – Benjamin Boretz , American composer and theorist
1934 – Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas , Colombian-Dutch painter and illustrator (d. 2015)
1934 – Harold Henning , South African golfer (d. 2004)
1934 – Simon Nicholson , English sculptor and painter (d. 1990)
1935 – Charles Duke , American general, pilot, and astronaut[4]
1935 – Armen Dzhigarkhanyan , Soviet Russian-Armenian actor (d. 2020)[5]
1936 – Steve Reich , American composer
1938 – Eddie Cochran , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 1960)
1938 – David Hart Dyke , English captain
1938 – Jack Hodgins , Canadian author and academic
1938 – Dave Obey , American lawyer and politician
1939 – Bob Armstrong , American wrestler and trainer (d. 2020)
1940 – Alan O'Day , American singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
1940 – Jean Ratelle , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1940 – Mike Troy , American swimmer (d. 2019)
1941 – Chubby Checker , American singer-songwriter
1941 – Andrea de Adamich , Italian race car driver and sportscaster
1941 – John Elliott , Australian businessman
1943 – Jeff Bingaman , American soldier and politician, 25th Attorney General of New Mexico
1943 – Baki ?lkin , Turkish civil servant and diplomat
1944 – Pierre Deligne , Belgian mathematician and academic
1945 – Tony Brown , English footballer and sportscaster
1945 – Christopher Bruce , English dancer and choreographer
1945 – Jo Ritzen , Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Education
1946 – P. P. Arnold , American soul singer
1947 – John Perry Barlow , American poet, songwriter, blogger, and activist (d. 2018)
1947 – Ben Cauley , American trumpet player and songwriter (d. 2015)
1947 – Fred DeLuca , American businessman (d. 2015)
1947 – Anne Dorte of Rosenborg (d. 2014)
1947 – Takis Michalos , Greek water polo player and coach (d. 2010)
1949 – Lindsey Buckingham , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1949 – J. P. Dutta , Indian director, producer, and screenwriter
1949 – Aleksandr Rogozhkin , Russian director and screenwriter
1949 – Laurie Simmons , American photographer and director
1950 – Ronnie Laws , American jazz, R&B, and funk saxophone player
1951 – Keb' Mo' , American blues musician and songwriter
1951 – Kathryn D. Sullivan , American geologist and astronaut
1951 – Dave Winfield , American baseball player and sportscaster
1952 – Bruce Arians , American football coach
1952 – Gary Troup , New Zealand cricketer
1954 – Eddie DeGarmo , American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
1954 – Dennis Eckersley , American baseball player and sportscaster
1954 – Al Sharpton , American minister, talk show host, and political activist
1954 – Stevie Ray Vaughan , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1990)
1955 – Moshe Kam , American engineering educator
1955 – John S. Lesmeister , American educator and politician, 30th North Dakota State Treasurer (d. 2006)
1955 – Allen Woody , American bass player and songwriter (d. 2000)
1955 – Buket Uzuner , Turkish author
1956 – Hart Bochner , Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1957 – Roberto Azevêdo , Brazilian engineer and diplomat, 6th Director-General of the World Trade Organization
1957 – Tim Westwood , English radio and television host
1958 – Chen Yanyin , Chinese sculptor
1958 – Louise Lecavalier , Canadian dancer and choreographer
1959 – Craig Bellamy , Australian rugby league player and coach
1959 – Fred Couples , American golfer
1959 – Greg Proops , American comedian, actor, and screenwriter
1959 – Jack Wagner , American actor and singer
1961 – Rebecca Stephens , English journalist and mountaineer
1961 – Ludger Stühlmeyer , German cantor, composer, and musicologist
1962 – Tommy Lee , Greek-American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
1962 – Simon Scarrow , Nigerian-English novelist
1963 – Benny Anders , American basketball player
1963 – Dan Goldie , American tennis player
1964 – Clive Owen , English actor
1965 – Annemarie Verstappen , Dutch swimmer
1965 – Jan-Ove Waldner , Swedish table tennis player
1966 – Darrin Fletcher , American baseball player and sportscaster
1967 – Rob Liefeld , American author and illustrator
1967 – Chris Collingwood , English-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1968 – Paul Crichton , English footballer and manager
1968 – Greg Foster , American basketball player and coach
1968 – Marko Rajamäki , Finnish footballer and manager
1968 – Donald Sild , Estonian javelin thrower
1969 – Garry Herbert , English rower and sportscaster
1969 – Gwen Stefani , American singer-songwriter, actress, and fashion designer
1969 – Tetsuya , Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
1970 – Elmar Liitmaa , Estonian guitarist and songwriter
1970 – Jimmy Ray , English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1971 – Wil Cordero , Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
1971 – Kevin Richardson , American singer-songwriter and actor
1972 – Komla Dumor , Ghanaian-English journalist (d. 2014)
1972 – G. Love , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and harmonica player
1972 – Guy Oseary , Israeli-American talent manager and businessman
1973 – Neve Campbell , Canadian actress and producer
1973 – Angélica Gavaldón , American-Mexican tennis player and coach
1973 – Lena Headey , British actress
1973 – Eirik Hegdal , Norwegian saxophonist and composer
1974 – Mike Johnson , Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
1974 – Marianne Timmer , Dutch speed skater
1975 – India Arie , American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
1975 – Phil Greening , English rugby player and coach
1975 – Satoko Ishimine , Japanese singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1976 – Herman Li , Hong Kong-English guitarist and producer
1976 – Seann William Scott , American actor and producer
1977 – Daniel Hollie , American wrestler
1977 – Eric Munson , American baseball player and coach
1977 – Luca Tognozzi , Italian footballer
1978 – Gerald Asamoah , Ghanaian-German footballer
1978 – Neil Clement , English footballer
1978 – Claudio Pizarro , Peruvian footballer
1978 – Jake Shears , American singer-songwriter
1979 – Josh Klinghoffer , American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1979 – John Morrison , American wrestler and actor
1979 – Danny O'Donoghue , Irish singer-songwriter and producer
1980 – Anquan Boldin , American football player
1980 – Sheldon Brookbank , Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Lindsey Kelk , English journalist and author
1980 – Héctor Reynoso , Mexican footballer
1980 – Ivan Turina , Croatian footballer (d. 2013)
1981 – Danny Coid , English footballer
1981 – Zlatan Ibrahimovi? , Swedish footballer
1981 – Andreas Isaksson , Swedish footballer
1981 – Jonna Lee , Swedish singer and musician
1981 – Ronald Rauhe , German kayaker[6]
1981 – Matt Sparrow , English footballer
1983 – Fred , Brazilian footballer
1983 – Thiago Alves , Brazilian mixed martial artist
1983 – Andreas Papathanasiou , Cypriot footballer
1983 – Tessa Thompson , American actress
1984 – Yoon Eun-hye , South Korean singer and actress
1984 – Bruno Gervais , Canadian ice hockey player
1984 – Jessica Parker Kennedy , Canadian actress
1984 – Anthony Le Tallec , French footballer
1984 – Ashlee Simpson , American singer-songwriter and actress
1985 – Courtney Lee , American basketball player
1986 – Lewis Brown , New Zealand rugby league player
1986 – Jackson Martínez , Colombian footballer
1987 – Robert Grabarz , English high jumper
1987 – Martin Plowman , English race car driver
1987 – Starley , Australian pop singer
1988 – Alicia Vikander , Swedish actress
1988 – Dustin Gazley , American ice hockey player
1988 – ASAP Rocky , American rapper and songwriter[7]
1989 – Nate Montana , American football player
1989 – Alex Trimble , Irish singer
1990 – Johan Le Bon , French cyclist
1991 – Jenny McLoughlin , English sprinter
1991 – Aki Takajo , Japanese singer
1993 – Raffaele Di Gennaro , Italian footballer
1994 – Victoria Bosio , Argentinian tennis player
1995 – Lil Tracy , American rapper
1997 – Jin Boyang , Chinese figure skaterDeaths
42 BC – Gaius Cassius Longinus , Roman politician (b. 85 BC)
723 – Elias I of Antioch , Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.[8]
818 – Ermengarde , queen of the Franks
900 – Muhammad ibn Zayd , Tabaristan emir
959 – Gérard of Brogne , Frankish abbot
1078 – Iziaslav I of Kiev (b. 1024)
1226 – Francis of Assisi , Italian friar and saint (b. 1181)
1283 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd , Welsh prince (b. 1238)
1369 – Margaret, Countess of Tyrol (b. 1318)
1399 – Eleanor de Bohun , English noble (b. 1360)
1568 – Elisabeth of Valois (b. 1545)
1596 – Florent Chrestien , French poet (b. 1541)
1611 – Charles, Duke of Mayenne (b. 1554)
1629 – Giorgi Saakadze , Georgian commander and politician (b. 1570)
1649 – Giovanni Diodati , Swiss-Italian clergyman and theologian (b. 1576)
1653 – Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn , Dutch linguist and academic (b. 1612)
1656 – Myles Standish , English captain (b. 1584)
1690 – Robert Barclay , Scottish theologian and politician, 2nd Governor of East Jersey (b. 1648)
1701 – Joseph Williamson , English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1633)
1795 – Tula , Curaçao slave leader (date of birth unknown; executed)[9]
1801 – Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur , French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (b. 1724)
1833 – François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat , French general and engineer (b. 1754)
1838 – Black Hawk , American tribal leader (b. 1767)
1860 – Rembrandt Peale , American painter and curator (b. 1778)
1867 – Elias Howe , American engineer, invented the sewing machine (b. 1819)
1873 – Kintpuash , American tribal leader (b. 1837)
1877 – James Roosevelt Bayley , American archbishop (b. 1814)
1877 – Rómulo Díaz de la Vega , Mexican general and president (1855) (b. 1800)[10]
1881 – Orson Pratt , American mathematician and religious leader (b. 1811)
1890 – Joseph Hergenröther , German historian and cardinal (b. 1824)
1891 – Édouard Lucas , French mathematician and theorist (b. 1842)
1896 – William Morris , English author and poet (b. 1834)
1907 – Jacob Nash Victor , American engineer (b. 1835)
1911 – Rosetta Jane Birks , Australian suffragist (b. 1856)[11]
1917 – Eduardo Di Capua , Neapolitan composer, singer and songwriter (b. 1865)
1929 – Jeanne Eagels , American actress (b. 1894)
1929 – Gustav Stresemann , German politician, Chancellor of Germany , Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1878)
1931 – Carl Nielsen , Danish violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1865)
1936 – John Heisman , American football player and coach (b. 1869)
1953 – Arnold Bax , English composer and poet (b. 1883)
1959 – Tochigiyama Moriya , Japanese sumo wrestler, the 27th Yokozuna (b. 1892)
1963 – Refet Bele , Turkish general (b. 1877)
1965 – Zachary Scott , American actor (b. 1914)
1966 – Rolf Maximilian Sievert , Swedish physicist and academic (b. 1896)
1967 – Woody Guthrie , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1912)
1967 – Malcolm Sargent , English organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1895)
1969 – Skip James , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1902)
1979 – Nicos Poulantzas , Greek-French sociologist and philosopher (b. 1936)
1980 – Friedrich Karm , Estonian footballer (b. 1907)
1981 – Anna Hedvig Büll , Estonian-German missionary (b. 1887)
1986 – Vince DiMaggio , American baseball player and manager (b. 1912)
1987 – Jean Anouilh , French playwright and screenwriter (b. 1910)
1987 – Kalervo Palsa , Finnish painter (b. 1947)
1988 – Franz Josef Strauss , Bavarian lieutenant and politician, Minister President of Bavaria (b. 1915)
1990 – Stefano Casiraghi , Italian-Monegasque businessman (b. 1960)
1990 – Eleanor Steber , American soprano and educator (b. 1914)
1993 – Katerina Gogou , Greek actress, poet, and author (b. 1940)
1993 – Gary Gordon , American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1960)
1993 – Randy Shughart , American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1958)
1994 – John C. Champion , American producer and screenwriter (b. 1923)
1994 – Dub Taylor , American actor (b. 1907)
1995 – Ma. Po. Si. , Indian author and politician (b. 1906)
1997 – Michael Adekunle Ajasin , Nigerian politician, 3rd Governor of Ondo State (b. 1908)
1998 – Roddy McDowall , English-American actor (b. 1928)
1999 – Akio Morita , Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (b. 1921)
2000 – Benjamin Orr , American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1947)
2001 – Costas Hajihristos , Greek actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
2002 – Bruce Paltrow , American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1943)
2003 – Florence Stanley , American actress (b. 1924)
2003 – William Steig , American sculptor, author, and illustrator (b. 1907)
2004 – John Cerutti , American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1960)
2004 – Janet Leigh , American actress (b. 1927)
2005 – Ronnie Barker , English actor and screenwriter (b. 1929)
2005 – Nurettin Ersin , Turkish general (b. 1918)
2006 – Lucilla Andrews , Egyptian-Scottish nurse and author (b. 1919)
2006 – John Crank , English mathematician and physicist (b. 1916)[12]
2006 – Peter Norman , Australian runner (b. 1942)
2006 – Alberto Ramento , Filipino bishop (b. 1937)
2007 – M. N. Vijayan , Indian journalist, author, and academic (b. 1930)
2009 – Vladimir Beekman , Estonian poet and translator (b. 1929)[13]
2010 – Ben Mondor , Canadian-American businessman (b. 1925)
2010 – Abraham Sarmiento , Filipino lawyer and jurist (b. 1921)
2012 – Abdul Haq Ansari , Indian theologian and scholar (b. 1931)
2012 – Robert F. Christy , American physicist and astrophysicist (b. 1916)
2012 – Albie Roles , English footballer (b. 1921)
2013 – Sari Abacha , Nigerian footballer (b. 1978)
2013 – Sergei Belov , Russian basketball player and coach (b. 1944)
2013 – Joan Thirsk , English cryptologist, historian, and academic (b. 1922)
2014 – Ewen Gilmour , New Zealand comedian and television host (b. 1963)
2014 – Benedict Groeschel , American priest, psychologist, and talk show host (b. 1933)
2014 – Jean-Jacques Marcel , French footballer (b. 1931)
2014 – Kevin Metheny , American businessman (b. 1954)[14]
2014 – Ward Ruyslinck , Belgian author (b. 1929)
2015 – Denis Healey , English soldier and politician, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1917)
2015 – Muhammad Nawaz Khan , Pakistani historian and author (b. 1943)
2015 – Javed Iqbal , Pakistani philosopher and judge (b. 1925) Holidays and observances
References
^ Hamilton Howlett (1950). Highland Constable: The Life and Times of Rob Roy MacGregor . Blackwood. p. 91.
^ Barros Arana, Diego (2000) [1886]. "Capítulo XVII". Historia General de Chile (in Spanish). VII (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Universitaria . pp. 66-70. ISBN 956-11-1535-2 .CS1 maint: ref=harv (link )
^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1991 - Press Release" . Nobel Media AB. 2014. Retrieved 2018 .
^ Shayler, David J.; Burgess, Colin (2017-06-19). The Last of NASA's Original Pilot Astronauts: Expanding the Space Frontier in the Late Sixties . Springer. p. 38. ISBN 978-3-319-51014-9 .
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20140622182725/http://www.armeniaculture.am/am/Encyclopedia_jigarkhanyan_armen
^ "Ronald Rauhe" . International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2020 .
^ "Video:A$AP Rocky Turns 30: G-Eazy, French Montana & More Wish Him a Happy Birthday" . Billboard .
^ Harrack, Amir (1999). The Chronicle of Zuqnin, Parts III and IV A.D. 488-775 . Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. p. 158. ISBN 9780888442864 .
^ Willem M. Hoyer (1948). A Brief Historical Description of the Island of Curacao . p. 8.
^ "RÓMULO DÍAZ DE LA VEGA" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. Retrieved 2019 .
^ Goods, Martin. "Birks, Rosetta Jane (1856-1911)" . Australian Dictionary of Biography . Retrieved 2019 .
^ "Daily Telegraph obituary" . MacTutor. 3 November 2006. Retrieved 2020 .
^ Kressa, Karel; Juske, Ants; Peegel, Mari (2009-10-05). "Vladimir Beekmani elutööd on raske üle hinnata" . epl.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved .
^ "Kevin Metheny, former WGN-AM 720 boss and 'Pig Virus' to Howard Stern, dead at 60" . Chicago Tribune . Chicago, Illinois: Tribune Publishing . October 4, 2014. Retrieved 2014 .
^ Grossman, Samantha (October 3, 2014). "It's October 3rd: 19 Ways to Celebrate Mean Girls Day" . Time . Retrieved 2014 .
^ Peters, Megan (October 3, 2018). "' Fullmetal Alchemist' Day Has Finally Arrived" . Comicbook . Retrieved 2019 .
External links