Open-mid front unrounded vowel | |
---|---|
? | |
IPA Number | 303 |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | ɛ |
Unicode (hex) | U+025B |
X-SAMPA | E |
Braille | ![]() |
Audio sample | |
IPA: Vowels |
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Vowels beside dots are: unrounded • rounded |
The open-mid front unrounded vowel, or low-mid front unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is a Latinized variant of the Greek lowercase epsilon, ⟨?⟩.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | See Im?la | ||||
Armenian | Eastern[2] | ??/ | [?d] | 'page' | |
Bavarian | Amstetten dialect[3] | [example needed] | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨æ⟩. | ||
Bengali[4] | ??/ek | [?k] | 'one' | See Bengali phonology | |
Bulgarian[5] | ???/pet | [p?t?] | 'five' | See Bulgarian phonology | |
Burmese[6] | /me | [m?] | 'mother' | ||
Catalan[7] | mel | [m] | 'honey' | See Catalan phonology | |
Chinese | Mandarin[8] | ? / ti?n | 'sky' | Height varies between mid and open depending on the speaker. See Standard Chinese phonology | |
Chuvash | ?ç | ['p] | 'gentle, tender' | ||
Czech[9][10] | led | [l?t] | 'ice' | In Bohemian Czech, this vowel varies between open-mid front [?], open-mid near-front [] and mid near-front .[9] See Czech phonology | |
Danish | Standard[11][12] | frisk | ['fsk] | 'fresh' | Most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨æ⟩. See Danish phonology |
Dutch | Standard[13] | bed | 'bed' | See Dutch phonology | |
The Hague[14] | jij | 'you' | Corresponds to [?i] in standard Dutch. | ||
English | General American[15] | bed | 'bed' | ||
Northern England[16] | May be somewhat lowered.[16] | ||||
Received Pronunciation[17][18] | Older RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel . See English phonology | ||||
Scottish[19] | |||||
Cockney[20] | fat | [f?t] | 'fat' | ||
Singaporean[21] | |||||
New Zealand[22] | See New Zealand English phonology | ||||
Some Broad South African speakers[23] |
Other speakers realize this vowel as or . See South African English phonology | ||||
Belfast[24] | days | [d?:z] | 'days' | Pronounced [i?] in closed syllables; corresponds to [e?] in RP. | |
Zulu[25] | mate | [m?t] | 'mate' | Speakers exhibit a met-mate merger. | |
Faroese[26] | frekt | [fkt] | 'greedy' | See Faroese phonology | |
French[27][28] | bête | 'beast' | See French phonology | ||
Galician | ferro | ['f?ro?] | 'iron' | See Galician phonology | |
Georgian[29] | ??/gedi | [di] | 'swan' | ||
German | Standard[30][31] | Bett | 'bed' | Also described as mid .[32] See Standard German phonology | |
Franconian accent[33] | oder | ['o:d?] | 'or' | Used instead of .[33] See Standard German phonology | |
Coastal Northern accents[33] | |||||
Swabian accent[34] | fett | [f?t] | 'fat' | Contrasts with the close-mid .[34] See Standard German phonology | |
Western Swiss accents[35] | See | [z:] | 'lake' | Close-mid in other accents; contrasts with the near-open .[36] See Standard German phonology | |
Hindustani | Hindi | ? | ['na] | 'to stay' | See Hindustani phonology |
Urdu | ? | ||||
Italian[37] | bene | 'good' | See Italian phonology | ||
Kaingang[38] | mbre | ['?b] | 'with' | ||
Korean | / maemi | [m?:mi] | 'cicada' | See Korean phonology | |
Kurdish | Kurmanji (Northern) | hevde | [h?vd?] | 'seventeen' | See Kurdish phonology |
Sorani (Central) | /hevda | [h?vdæ] | |||
Palewani (Southern) | [h?vda] | ||||
Limburgish[39][40][41] | crème | [k:m] | 'cream' | The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect. | |
Lithuanian | mesti | [m?s?t] | 'throw' | See Lithuanian phonology | |
Lower Sorbian[42] | serp | [srp] | 'sickle' | ||
Luxembourgish[43] | Stär | [?t?:] | 'star' | Allophone of /e:/ before /?/.[43] See Luxembourgish phonology | |
Macedonian[44][45] | Standard | ???/med | ['m?d?] | 'honey' | See Macedonian language § Vowels |
Norwegian | Sognamål[46] | pest | [pst] | 'plague | See Norwegian phonology |
Polish[47] | ten | 'this one' (nom. m.) | See Polish phonology | ||
Portuguese | Most dialects[48][49] | pé | ['p?] | 'foot' | Stressed vowel might be lower . The presence and use of other unstressed ?e? allophones, such as [e? e ? i ?], varies according to dialect. |
Some speakers[50] | tempo | ['tmpu] | 'time' | Timbre differences for nasalized vowels are mainly kept in European Portuguese. See Portuguese phonology | |
Romanian | Transylvanian dialects[51] | vede | ['ve] | '(he) sees' | Corresponds to mid in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology |
Russian[52] | ?/eto | 'this' | See Russian phonology | ||
Shiwiar[53] | [example needed] | Allophone of /a/. | |||
Slovene | met | [mt] | 'throw' (n.) | See Slovene phonology | |
Spanish | Eastern Andalusian[54] | las madres | [læ?: 'mæ?:ð:] | 'the mothers' | Corresponds to in other dialects, but in these dialects they're distinct. See Spanish phonology |
Murcian[54] | |||||
Swahili | shule | [?ul?] | 'school' | ||
Swedish | Central Standard[55] | ät | [:t?] | 'eat' (imp.) | Somewhat retracted.[55] See Swedish phonology |
Thai | ? / trae | [tr?:?] | 'horn (instrument)' | ||
Turkish[56][57] | ülke | [y?l?'c?] | 'country' | Allophone of /e/ described variously as "word-final"[56] and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase".[57] See Turkish phonology | |
Twi | ?y? | 'it is good/fine' | See Twi phonology | ||
Ukrainian[58] | ??/den' | [d?n?] | 'day' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
Upper Sorbian[42][59] | ?elo | ['tl?] | 'calf' | See Upper Sorbian phonology | |
Welsh | nesaf | [n?sav] | 'next' | See Welsh phonology | |
West Frisian[60] | beppe | ['b?p?] | 'grandma' | See West Frisian phonology | |
Yoruba[61] | ?s | [s?] | 'leg' |