Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale, also known as Ptolemaic sequence,[1]justly tuned major scale,[2][3][4] or syntonous (or syntonic) diatonic scale, is a tuning for the diatonic scale proposed by Ptolemy,[5] declared by Zarlino to be the only tuning that could be reasonably sung, and corresponding with modern just intonation.[6] It is also supported by Giuseppe Tartini.[7] It is nondifferent from and equivalent to Indian Gandhar tuning which features exactly the same intervals. The main difference is in the nomenclature. Otherwise the intervals are the same.
It is produced through a tetrachord consisting of a greater tone (9:8), lesser tone (10:9), and just diatonic semitone (16:15).[6] This is called Ptolemy's intense diatonic tetrachord, as opposed to Ptolemy's soft diatonic tetrachord, formed by 21:20, 10:9 and 8:7 intervals.[8] The structure of the intense diatonic scale is shown in the table below, where T is for greater tone, t is for lesser tone and s is for semitone:
| Note | Name | C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solfege | Do | Re | Mi | Fa | Sol | La | Ti | Do | |||||||||
| Ratio | 1:1 | 9:8 | 5:4 | 4:3 | 3:2 | 5:3 | 15:8 | 2:1 | |||||||||
| Harmonic |  24 (help·info)
|
27 (help·info)
|
30 (help·info)
|
32 (help·info)
|
36 (help·info)
|
40 (help·info)
|
45 (help·info)
|
48 (help·info)
| |||||||||
| Cents | 0 | 204 | 386 | 498 | 702 | 884 | 1088 | 1200 | |||||||||
| Step | Name | T | t | s | T | t | T | s | |||||||||
| Ratio | 9:8 | 10:9 | 16:15 | 9:8 | 10:9 | 9:8 | 16:15 | ||||||||||
| Cents | 204 | 182 | 112 | 204 | 182 | 204 | 112 | ||||||||||
Comparison with other diatonic scales
Lowering the pitches of Pythagorean tuning's notes E, A, and B by the syntonic comma, 81/80, to give a just intonation, changes it to Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale.
Intervals between notes (wolf intervals bolded):
| C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C' | D' | E' | F' | G' | A' | B' | C" | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1 | 9/8 | 5/4 | 4/3 | 3/2 | 5/3 | 15/8 | 2 | 9/4 | 5/2 | 8/3 | 3 | 10/3 | 15/4 | 4 |
| D | 8/9 | 1 | 10/9 | 32/27 | 4/3 | 40/27 | 5/3 | 16/9 | 2 | 20/9 | 64/27 | 8/3 | 80/27 | 30/9 | 32/9 |
| E | 4/5 | 9/10 | 1 | 16/15 | 6/5 | 4/3 | 3/2 | 8/5 | 9/5 | 2 | 32/15 | 12/5 | 8/3 | 3 | 16/5 |
| F | 3/4 | 27/32 | 15/16 | 1 | 9/8 | 5/4 | 45/32 | 3/2 | 27/16 | 15/8 | 2 | 9/4 | 5/2 | 45/16 | 3 |
| G | 2/3 | 3/4 | 5/6 | 8/9 | 1 | 10/9 | 5/4 | 4/3 | 3/2 | 5/3 | 16/9 | 2 | 20/9 | 5/2 | 8/3 |
| A | 3/5 | 27/40 | 3/4 | 4/5 | 9/10 | 1 | 9/8 | 6/5 | 27/20 | 3/2 | 8/5 | 9/5 | 2 | 9/4 | 12/5 |
| B | 8/15 | 9/15 | 2/3 | 32/45 | 4/5 | 8/9 | 1 | 16/15 | 6/5 | 4/3 | 64/45 | 8/5 | 16/9 | 2 | 32/15 |
| C' | 1/2 | 9/16 | 5/8 | 2/3 | 3/4 | 5/6 | 15/16 | 1 | 9/8 | 5/4 | 4/3 | 3/2 | 5/3 | 15/8 | 2 |
Play (help·info). Johnston's notation; + indicates the syntonic comma.In comparison to Pythagorean tuning, while both provide just perfect fourths and fifths, the Ptolemaic provides just thirds which are smoother and more easily tuned.[9]
Note that D-F is a Pythagorean minor third (32:27), D-A is a defective fifth (40:27), F-D is a Pythagorean major sixth (27:16), and A-D is a defective fourth (27:20). All of these differ from their just counterparts by a syntonic comma (81:80).
F-B is the tritone, here 45/32.
This scale may also be considered as derived from the major chord, and the major chords above and below it: FAC-CEG-GBD.
Sources
- ^ Partch, Harry (1979). Genesis of a Music, pp. 165, 173. ISBN 978-0-306-80106-8.
- ^ Murray Campbell, Clive Greated (1994). The Musician's Guide to Acoustics, pp. 172-73. ISBN 978-0-19-816505-7.
- ^ Wright, David (2009). Mathematics and Music, pp. 140-41. ISBN 978-0-8218-4873-9.
- ^ Johnston, Ben and Gilmore, Bob (2006). "A Notation System for Extended Just Intonation" (2003), "Maximum clarity" and Other Writings on Music, p. 78. ISBN 978-0-252-03098-7.
- ^ see Wallis, John (1699). Opera Mathematica, Vol. III. Oxford. p. 39. (Contains Harmonics by Claudius Ptolemy.)
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh (1911). The Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol.28, p. 961. The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
- ^ Dr. Crotch (October 1, 1861). "On the Derivation of the Scale, Tuning, Temperament, the Monochord, etc.", The Musical Times, p. 115.
- ^ Chalmers, John H. Jr. (1993). Divisions of the Tetrachord. Hanover, NH: Frog Peak Music. ISBN 0-945996-04-7 Chapter 2, Page 9
- ^ Johnston, Ben and Gilmore, Bob (2006). "Maximum clarity" and Other Writings on Music, p. 100. ISBN 978-0-252-03098-7.
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