 | |
| Type | State-owned company |
|---|---|
| Industry | Public transport |
| Founded | January 1, 1949 in Paris, France |
| Headquarters | 54, Quai de la Rapée , 75012 Paris France |
Area served | Worldwide, with significant Île-de-France involvement |
Key people | Catherine Guillouard (CEO) |
| Revenue | EUR5.704 billion (2019) |
Number of employees | 64,000 (2019) |
| Parent | Government of France |
| Subsidiaries | RATP Capital Innovation RATP Connect RATP Coopération RATP Dev RATP Habitat RATP Real Estate RATP Smart Systems RATP Travel Retail |
| Website | ratp.fr/en |
The RATP Group (French: Groupe RATP), best known as the RATP or Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (in English: Autonomous Parisian Transportation Administration), is a state-owned public transport operator and maintainer headquartered in Paris, France. Formed in 1949, it has its origins as the city's public transport operator. Its logo represents, in a stylised version, the Seine's meandering through the Paris area as the face of a person looking up.
Today, the RATP is still responsible for most of the public transport in the Greater Paris area, including the Paris Métro, Île-de-France tram and RATP Bus Network, as well as part of the regional express rail (RER) network. In the Île-de-France region, the RATP carries about 3.3 billion passengers per year.[1]
While RATP's Paris-related activities are still a major part of its business, its operations have extended since 2002 to include business around the globe in various modes of urban and regional transportation. RATP Dev, the Group's international operations and maintenance subsidiairy, is present in 13 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.
In 2019, the Group's consolidated revenue was 5.704 billion euros; it employs 64,000 people.[1] The company qualfies itself as the fourth largest actor in public transport.[1]
History
The RATP was created on 1 January 1949 by combining the assets of the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP), which operated the Paris Métro, and the Société des transports en commun de la région parisienne (STCRP), which operated the city's bus system.
Earlier, the CMP had absorbed the Société du Chemin de Fer Électrique Nord-Sud de Paris in 1930 and the Ligne de Sceaux in 1937, which extended commuter rail to the suburbs. The STCRP had been created on 1 January 1921 by the merger of about half a dozen independent bus and streetcar operators in the Paris area. By the time the STCRP was merged into the RATP, all of its streetcars had been replaced by bus routes.
In the early years of the 21st century, a partnership with the Transdev group resulted in RATP acquiring a minority shareholding in that group, with its many worldwide transport operations. However, in 2009, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, the majority owner of the Transdev group, started negotiations with Veolia Environnement to merge Transdev with Veolia Transport. As part of the resulting agreement, made in May 2010, it was agreed that the RATP Group would take over ownership of some of Transdev's operations in lieu of cash payment for its holdings in Transdev. This had a considerable impact on RATP's international profile.[2][3][4]
In 2009, RATP entered the United States by purchasing transit contractor McDonald Transit Associates.[5] McDonald operated Fort Worth Transportation Authority (now Trinity Metro) in Texas, Votran in Florida, and Waco Transit System in Texas, among others.
On 1 August 2011, the RATP Group purchased Stagecoach Metrolink's contract to operate the Metrolink light rail system in Greater Manchester, England until July 2017.[6] Two years later, in 2013, RATP purchased the nearby long-established coach company, Selwyns Travel, a National Express operator.
Presidents
The current president and CEO of the RATP, Catherine Guillouard, was nominated on 2 August 2017.[7] The previous RATP CEOs were Élisabeth Borne, Pierre Mongin and Anne-Marie Idrac.
Operations in Paris
In Paris, RATP operates, under its own name, on behalf of the Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM), the Paris region transit authority. RATP's services constitute, in their own right, a multi-mode public transportation infrastructure, but also contribute to a larger multi-mode system extending out into the surrounding Île-de-France communities.
RATP's services in the Greater Paris area include:
- The Paris Métro, a system of mostly underground rapid transit lines which run throughout the city, with some lines extending somewhat beyond the city boundaries. The Métro has 16 lines with 219 km (136 mi) of track and 302 stations.[8][9] Two metro lines are fully automated and driverless: line 1 (since 2012) and line 14 (since its opening in 1998).
- Orlyval, the automated metro shuttle connecting Antony station (RER B) and Orly Airport.[10]
- Parts of the RER, the Paris regional express rail network that runs mostly underground in the centre of Paris and overground in the rest of the region. RATP owns and operates line A (except the Nanterre-Préfecture - Cergy-le-Haut and Nanterre-Préfecture - Poissy branches) and line B (except the part north of Gare du Nord), both together representing approximately 115 km (71 mi) and 66 stations. The rest of the RER network is operated by SNCF.
- Eight out of ten lines of the Paris tram system (T1, T2, T3a, T3b, T5, T6, T7, T8) totalizing 101.9 km (63.3 mi) and 183 stops.[11]
- The extensive Paris city bus system (351 lines with a total length of 3,861 km (2,399 mi)), including the night buses of the Noctilien network.
- Two BRT lines: the Trans-Val-de-Marne (TVM, 19.7 km (12.2 mi)) and line 393 (11.7 km (7.3 mi)).
- The Montmartre funicular.
Paris bus route 341 was RATP's first line equipped with 100% electric full-size buses (starting June 2016).[12]
Operations outside Paris
RATP Dev (Dev being a contraction of Développement, French for development[13]), established in 2002 as a 100% subsidiary of the RATP Group, provides operations and maintenance of passenger transport services outside of the "historical" RATP network in the Greater Paris area although it also operates some specialised services within Paris. RATP Dev is present in 13 countries, namely Algeria, Egypt, China's special administrative region Hong Kong, France, Italy, Morocco, the Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Wholly and partly owned operations include the following:[14][15][16]
Operations in France
Heavy rail
- Future CDG Express, express rail link between Paris Gare de l'Est and Charles de Gaulle Airport (in the Hello Paris joint venture with Keolis)[17][18]
Other modes
- Agglobus, the urban bus network of Bourges in the Cher department (since 2011, renewed for the 2017-2022 period)[19]
- Cars Jacquemard, a coach operator in the Eure department
- Cars Perrier, one of the operators of the Sqybus network serving the Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines suburb near Paris
- The CTRL network of Lorient Agglomération in the Morbihan department (for the 2018-2022 period)[20]
- Com'Bus, Yvelines and Val-d'Oise departments
- The Impulsyon urban bus network of La Roche-sur-Yon in the Vendée department (since 2010, renewed for the 2017-2023 period)[21]
- The Irigo multimodal in and around Angers including the Angers tramway (for the 2019-2025 period)[22]
- The Kicéo urban bus network of Vannes in the Morbihan department (for the 2017-2023 period)[23]
- Lignes de Vienne et agglomération (L'va) in and around Vienne in the Isère department (since 2011)[24]
- Le Vib in Vierzon in the Cher department (since 2011, renewed in 2015 for 8 more years)[25]
- The Marinéo urban bus network of Boulogne-sur-Mer in the Pas-de-Calais department (for the 2013-2020 period)[26]
- Mouvéo, the urban bus network of Épernay in the Marne department (since 2016)[27]
- Ondéa, the urban bus network of Aix-les-Bains and its surroundings in the Savoie department (2015-2020)[28]
- PAM 91, 92, 93 and 95, paratransit in the Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-d'Oise departments (Greater Paris area)
- The STIVO urban bus network in Cergy-Pontoise
- Transports annemassiens collectifs (TAC), urban bus network covering the Agglomeration community of Annemasse - Les Voirons (joint control with TPG)
- Transports de l'agglomération de Charleville-Mézières (TAC), urban bus network of Charleville-Mézières and Sedan in the Ardennes department (since 2012, renewed for the 2017-2024 period)[29]
- TBK bus and coach network covering Quimperlé and surroundings in the Finistère department (for the 2020-2028 period)[30]
- Transports urbains laonnois (TUL), the urban bus network of Laon in the Aisne department (for the 2016-2022 period)[31]
- The Transvilles multimodal network in and around Valenciennes, including the Valenciennes tramway (since 2015)[32]
- Three express coach routes using the A14 motorway, in the Greater Paris area.
International operations
Heavy rail
- Gautrain, regional express train in Gauteng province, South Africa, linking Johannesburg, Pretoria and O. R. Tambo International Airport (since 2010)[33]
- "La Ferroviaria Italiana", two regional rail lines in Tuscany, Italy (minority share)[34]
Metro and tramway
- Tramway networks in the Algerian cities of Algiers (since 2012), Oran (since 2013), Constantine (since 2013), Sidi Bel Abbès (since 2017), Ouargla (since 2018) and Sétif (since 2018)[35][36][37][38]
- Cairo Metro Line 3, Cairo, Egypt (for the 2020-2035 period)[39]
- Sun Link Streetcar, Tucson, Arizona, U.S. (since 2014)[40]
- DC Streetcar, Washington, D.C. (since 2016)[41]
- Florence tramway, Florence, Italy (since 2010)[42]
- Casablanca LRT, Casablanca, Morocco (since 2012, contract renewed in 2017 until the end of 2029)[43]
- RATP Dev Transdev Asia (RDTA), a joint venture with Transdev, operating:[44]
- Hong Kong Tramways, a tram operator in Hong Kong since April 2009[45]
- Manila Line 1, Manila (technical assistance, since 2014)[46]
- Doha Metro and Lusail LRT, Qatar (20-year contract through RKH Qitarat, joint venture formed by Hamad Group (51%) and Keolis-RATP Dev (49%))[47]
- Future Riyadh Metro Lines 1 and 2 (12-year contract)[48][49]
Bus and coach
UK
- Air Decker, bus service connecting Bristol Airport with Bath, United Kingdom (since 2011)[50]
- London: through its three subsidiaries London United, Quality Line (acquired as Epsom Coaches in April 2012) and London Sovereign (acquired in April 2014), RATP Dev is one of London bus operators on behalf of Transport for London (TfL) with a total of 97 routes and approximately 1,100 vehicles over eleven depots[51][52]
USA
RATP operates various transportation systems in the United States under the name RATP Dev USA:
- Arlington Entertainment Area Management District Trolley, Arlington, Texas[]
- Asheville Rides Transit (ART), North Carolina (since 2017)[53]
- Augusta Public Transit, Augusta, Georgia (since 2013)[54]
- Bloomington Transit, Indiana[]
- Bowling Green, Kentucky (fixed routes and paratransit, since 2020)[55]
- Mountain Mobility, Buncombe County, North Carolina (paratransit)[]
- Charlotte Area Transit System, North Carolina (bus only)[]
- Citibus, Lubbock, Texas[]
- Citylink Edmond, Oklahoma (since 2014)[56]
- City of Ocala SunTran, Marion County, Florida[]
- The COMET, South Carolina (since 2020)[57]
- DC Circulator, Washington, D.C. (six routes and 72 vehicles, since 2018)[58]
- LakeXpress, Lake County, Florida (seven fixed routes, paratransit and 54 vehicles, management contract since 2017)[59]
- Mountain Metropolitan Transit, Colorado Springs, Colorado
- Needles Area Transit, California
- Roadrunner, California, U.S. (fixed routes, paratransit, charter and black car services, >200 vehicles, acquired in 2018)[60]
- Santa Maria Area Transit (SMAT), Santa Maria, California, U.S. (management contract since 2018)[61]
- THE Bus, Hernando County, Florida
- TheBus, Prince George's County, Maryland (since 2020)[62]
- Trinity Metro, Texas
- Waco Transit System, Texas
- Yuma County Area Transit, Arizona (fixed routes and paratransit, since 2018)[63]
- Zion National Park, Utah, shuttle system (since 2000, renewed in 2020)[64]
Other countries
- Autolinee Toscane, a coach operator in Tuscany, Italy[65]
- Cilia Italia, Lazio, Italy[66]
- Riyadh (since 2014 set-up of the capital's future urban bus network with approximately 1,000 vehicles over three depots, and operations and maintenance for a duration of 10 years starting 2016, 20% share of a consortium with SAPTCO)[67][68][69]
Other
RATP Dev manages touristic hop on hop off tour operations using double-decker buses: "Paris L'OpenTour" in Paris, The Original Tour in London (acquired in September 2014) and the Bath Bus Company in several cities in the United Kingdom (Bath, Cardiff, Eastbourne and Windsor.[70][71] As of 2021 RATP Dev will add a hop on hop off circuit in Brussels, Belgium, to its network (as part of an eight-year concession granted by STIB, 12 electric vehicles).[72]
"Slide Ealing" is a ride sharing minibus service (microtransit) launched 12 November 2019 in London, in partnership with MOIA.[73]
Since 2013, RATP Dev, in a consortium with TPG and Pomagalski, manages the Salève cable car, in the French Alps.[74] Ridership of the cable car has increased by 50% since 2013, notably after the introduction of shuttle buses from Annemasse and Saint-Julien-en-Genevois.[75] The contract of the RATP Dev-led consortium has been renewed in 2019 for 12 additional years, until 2031.[75]
RATP Dev established in 2018 a "regional office" in Singapore for Asia-Pacific albeit not having any operational activity in the city-state.[76] In December 2020, RATP Dev and SBS Transit announced a partnership for future rail projects in Singapore, without referencing specific commercial targets.[77]
Former operations
- Algiers Metro (from 1 November 2011 to 31 October 2020)[35][78]
- São Paulo Metro Line 4: technical assistance for start-up and the launch of commercial operations in 2010 and 1% share in the concessionnaire ViaQuatro until 2015[79][80]
- Rio de Janeiro Light Rail: technical assistance for start-up and the launch of commercial operations in 2016[81]
- Anqing Zhongbei buses in Anqing, China (as part of RDTA from 2008 to ?)[44][82]
- Shenyang trams (as part of RDTA from 2013 to ?)[83][84]
- Line 9 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway (as part of RDTA from 2009 to 2019)[82]
- Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro (as part of RDTA from 2014 to 2019)[82]
- Aléo, the urban bus network of Moulins in the Allier department (from 2012 to 2019)[85][86]
- STI Allier et STI Nièvre, France (ceased to Prêt à Partir in 2018)[87]
- Manchester Metrolink (from August 2011 to July 2017)[88][89]
- Selwyns Travel: coach operator with 92 vehicles based in Manchester, Runcorn and St Helens, United Kingdom (acquired in 2013 and sold in 2020).[90][91][92]
- "Slide", an on-demand shared transport / microtransit service targeting commuters in Bristol, United Kingdom (from July 2016 to December 2018, in partnership with French start-up Padam)[93][94][95]
- Yellow Buses, a bus operator in Bournemouth, United Kingdom (from 2011 to July 2019).[96][97]
- Fullington Auto Bus Company, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.: acquired in 2009 and sold in 2017[98]
- Open Loop New York: hop on hop off tour company in New York City commenced in May 2014, ceded to Big Bus Tours in 2017[99][100]
- Capital MetroBus in Austin, Texas: 79 routes, 250 buses, 21 million passengers/year, from 2012 to early 2020.[101][102]
- Votran, Volusia County, Florida (until 2020)[103]
References
- ^ a b c "2019 RATP Group Highlights" (PDF). 2 October 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "Merger of Veolia Transport and Transdev". Veolia Transport. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved .
- ^ "Completion of the merger of Veolia Transport and Transdev". Transdev. Archived from the original on 2011-03-07. Retrieved .
- ^ "The new scale of the RATP Group". RATP. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved .
- ^ "RATP Dev North America adopts one brand". Retrieved .
- ^ "RATP buys Manchester Metrolink operator". Railway Gazette International. 2 August 2011.
- ^ Décret du 2 août 2017 portant nomination de la présidente-directrice générale de la Régie autonome des transports parisiens - Mme GUILLOUARD (Catherine), retrieved
- ^ Île-de-France Mobilités - Omnil (9 October 2016). "Caractéristiques du réseau, accessibilité et intermodalité" (in French). Retrieved 2018.
- ^ The figure of "302" (stations) does not include the fictional Montmartre funicular station. The latter is indeed considered as a metro station by RATP and statistically attached to line 2, which explains why RATP announces 303 stations and not 302.
- ^ Orlyval is part of the "historic" RATP network but operated by RATP Dev, on behalf of RATP.
- ^ Line T4 is operated by SNCF and line T11 is operated by Transkeo.
- ^ "La RATP inaugure sa première ligne de bus standard 100% électrique" (in French). 1 June 2016. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Company Overview of RATP Développement S.A." Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "RATP Group". RATP Group. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Our Subsidiaries". RATP Group. Retrieved .
- ^ "The new scale of the RATP Group" (PDF). RATP Group. Retrieved .
- ^ "Keolis-RATP Dev retenu pour exploiter le CDG Express" (in French). 20 November 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Keolis and RATP Dev selected for Paris' CDG Express operating contract". 20 November 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev renouvelé à Bourges" (in French). 13 June 2017. Retrieved 2017.
- ^ "RATP Dev remporte le réseau de Lorient" (in French). 18 October 2017. Retrieved 2017.
- ^ "RATP Dev renouvelée à La Roche-sur-Yon" (in French). 20 July 2016. Retrieved 2016.
- ^ "Angers : RATP Dev choisi pour gérer le réseau de transports de l'agglomération" (in French). 22 February 2019. Retrieved 2019.
- ^ "RATP Dev remporte le réseau de Vannes face à Transdev" (in French). 30 September 2017. Retrieved 2017.
- ^ "RATP Dev reconduit à Vienne" (in French). 8 October 2013. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Vierzon; France - A more appealing, consistent transit system". Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev exploitera le réseau de bus de Boulogne-sur-Mer" (in French). 12 December 2012. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Un nouveau directeur chez Mouvéo à Épernay" (in French). 7 February 2016. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev exploitera le réseau de bus d'Aix-les-Bains à partir de 2015" (in French). 17 December 2014. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev renouvelée pour l'exploitation du réseau TAC, transports d'Ardenne Métropole" (in French). 10 July 2017. Retrieved 2017.
- ^ "Le réseau de transport du pays de Quimperlé confié à RATP Dev" (in French). 20 December 2019. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "RATP Dev va exploiter le réseau de transport de Laon" (in French). 22 December 2015. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Valenciennes : la RATP va remplacer Transvilles" (in French). 19 November 2014. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "La RATP réussit son Mondial avec le Gautrain" (in French). Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "RATP Dev Italia - La Ferroviaria Italiana" (in Italian). Retrieved 2018.
- ^ a b "RATP Dev se renforce en Algérie et se voit confier l'exploitation et la maintenance des futurs projets de tramway algériens, en partenariat avec l'EMA et l'ETUSA" (PDF) (in French). 24 May 2012. Retrieved 2012.
- ^ "Ouargla tramway inaugurated". 25 July 2017. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Sidi Bel Abbès tramway inaugurated". 31 July 2017. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Le tramway de Sétif est dans la place" (in French). 11 May 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev to operate and maintain Cairo Line 3". 3 September 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "Tucson Sun Link streetcar opens". 25 July 2014. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "Le tramway de Washington opéré par RATP Dev est en service" (in French). 29 February 2016. Retrieved 2016.
- ^ "RATP Dev - GEST - tramway de Florence" (in French). Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "Casa Transports et RATP Dev scellent un nouveau contrat d'exploitation du tramway et du bus" (in French). 16 September 2017. Retrieved 2017.
- ^ a b "RDTA website". Archived from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved 2017.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- ^ "Hong Kong tram celebrates 110 years". Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "RATP Dev apporte son expertise pour la ligne 1 du métro de Manille" (in French). Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "Victoire pour Keolis et RATP Dev au Qatar" (in French). 7 December 2017. Retrieved 2017.
- ^ "Métro de Riyad: la RATP et Alstom remportent d'importants contrats" (in French). 18 September 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Le groupe RATP renforce sa présence en Arabie Saoudite avec le contrat emblématique d'exploitation et de maintenance du métro de Riyad, attribué par ArRiyadh Development Authority (ADA) à RATP Dev et SAPTCO" (in French). 18 September 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Air Decker History". Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev acquiert une nouvelle société de bus à Londres" (PDF) (in French). 28 April 2014. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "RATP Dev London - About us". Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev remporte la gestion du réseau de transport d'Asheville" (in French). 30 August 2017. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "RATP Dev bolsters US presence with Augusta urban transport network contract win". 5 August 2013. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "RATP Dev USA named transit management contractor for the City of Bowling Green transit management and operational services". 10 July 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "Edmond Citylink McDonald Transit and Associates". Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "The COMET awards new service contract for fixed route and paratransit services". 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "D.C. Circulator will be privatized under a proposed $141M deal". 4 June 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "McDonald Transit/RATP Dev to operate Fla. transit service". 14 February 2017. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ a b "RATP Dev USA Acquires California Based Roadrunner Management Service". Mass Transit Magazine (Press release). 14 May 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev USA remporte la gestion du réseau de transport de Santa Maria en Californie" (PDF) (in French). 7 June 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev USA Begins Operations as New Contract Provider for TheBus". 1 July 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "RATP Dev USA Selected to Manage Yuma County, Arizona's Transit Service". 5 June 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev USA Renews Contract with Zion National Park Transit Service". March 12, 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "RATP Dev Italia - Autolinee Toscane" (in Italian). Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP Dev Italia - Cilia Italia" (in Italian). Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "RATP Dev et SAPTCO remportent l'appel d'offres pour le futur réseau de bus de Riyad" (in French). Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "Bus et métro de Ryad : Ratp Dev veut tenter le grand chelem" (in French). Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "High Commission for the Development of Arriyadh - Projects - (2) Riyadh Bus Project". Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "À New York, la RATP promène des touristes en bus à impériale" (in French). 15 May 2014. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "La RATP s'offre le champion des bus touristiques londoniens" (in French). 11 September 2014. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "Bruxelles: les bus touristiques «hop on - hop off» seront électriques à partir de l'an prochain" (in French). 7 February 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "An On-Demand Bus Service Has Just Been Launched In West London". 13 November 2019. Retrieved 2019.
- ^ "RATP Dev se diversifie avec l'exploitation du téléphérique du Salève" (in French). Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ a b "Téléphérique du Salève : RATP Dev resigne pour 12 ans" (in French). 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2019.
- ^ "Le Groupe RATP ouvre un bureau Asie-Pacifique à Singapour" (in French). 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "SBS Transit partners RATP to vie for new business in Singapore". 15 December 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "Metro d'Alger : le contrat d'exploitation de la RATP n'est pas reconduit" (in French). 2 October 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "Delivery of São Paulo Metro Line 4 - Brazil's first passenger rail public-private partnership" (PDF). Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "CCR exerce direito de compra de participação da RATP na ViaQuatro" (in Portuguese). 23 October 2015. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Brésil : Alstom et RATP Dev dans le nouveau tramway de Rio" (in French). 7 June 2016. Retrieved 2016.
- ^ a b c "L'inévitable divorce de RATP Dev et Transdev" (in French). 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2019.
- ^ "Shenyang Tramway Network operated by RATP Dev and Transdev enters service". Archived from the original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "Transdev and RATP Dev win contract to operate tramway network in Shenyang, China". 26 April 2013. Retrieved 2014.
- ^ "Présentation du délégataire, Moulins Mobilité, filiale de RATP DEV" (in French). Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Keolis écarte RATP Dev de Moulins Communauté" (in French). 2 May 2019. Retrieved 2019.
- ^ "Prêt à Partir fait route vers le sud" (in French). 28 June 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "RATP buys Manchester Metrolink operator". 2 August 2011. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Southern Rail operator to take over the running of Metrolink network". 18 January 2017. Retrieved 2017.
- ^ "RATP Dev UK - Our UK Subsidiaries - Selwys". Retrieved 2016.
- ^ "Metrolink operator RATP swoops for Selwyns Travel". 18 March 2013. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ "Companies House - SELWYNS TRAVEL LIMITED - Filing History". Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "RATP - Padam. Une offre sur-mesure en minibus" (in French). 12 July 2016. Retrieved 2016.
- ^ "New ride-to-work service in Bristol uses minibuses you can hail with an app". 29 July 2016. Retrieved 2016.
- ^ "New ride-to-work service in Bristol uses minibuses you can hail with an app". 27 November 2018. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ French moves in London Archived 2014-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Bus & Coach Professional 6 May 2010
- ^ "Management moves for bus company". 2 July 2019. Retrieved 2019.
- ^ "Fullington Auto Bus Once Again Fully Family-Owned". 28 December 2017. Retrieved 2018.
- ^ RATP Dev starts Open Tour with 15 buses in NYC Metro Magazine 15 May 2014
- ^ "RATPs Extrapolitan quits New York sightseeing" Buses Magazine issue 751 October 2017 page 19
- ^ "Austin (Texas) renouvelle sa confiance à RATP Dev pour l'exploitation de son réseau de bus" (in French). Retrieved 2016.
- ^ "Cap Metro board approves $1.4 billion operations contract". 12 August 2019. Retrieved 2020.
- ^ "County Council to replace Votran management firm". 6 February 2020. Retrieved 2020.
- Gaillard, Marc (1991). Du Madeleine-Bastille à Météor: histoire des transports Parisiens (in French). Amiens: Martelle. ISBN 978-2-87890-013-2. OCLC 25657685.
External links
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